Prevention

Can A CT Scan Show Dementia (Is MRI Better?)

Petra Boh Blog, Prevention ,
can A CT scan show dementia

After extensive research, we look into the commonly-asked-question of whether or not can a CT scan show dementia.

It IS POSSIBLE to detect the condition by watching for telltale signs in loved ones or yourself.

The cause of action, in this case, is to visit a physician right away so that they can perform brain imaging procedures TO DETECT the progressive neurologic disorder.

That begs the question, can a CT scan show dementia?

When Doctors Prescribe Brain Scans?

Your physician might suggest that you get a brain scan to identify underlying problems causing mental conditions or affecting your general wellbeing.

when doctors prescribe brain scans

Typically they are used to detect tumors, strokes, as well as other problems THAT CAN spark dementia that may appear on brain scans.

The cortex of the brain appears overly wrinkled and it has gyri (ridges of tissue) which are separated by sulci (valleys).

Individuals with cortical atrophy experience the progressive loss of neurons which in turn causes the thinning of the ridges and the sulci to grow wider.

When brain cells continue dying, the brain’s fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) expand and occupy the available space.

In turn, they become LARGER than normal.

These structural changes within the brain are also aspects that BRAIN SCANS CAN IDENTIFY.

How Do CT Scans Show Dementia?

The most common types of brain scan you might encounter are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) scans.

how do CT scans show dementia

Doctors regularly recommend MRIs and CT scans when they examine someone they suspect has dementia.

CT scans detect brain structures through X-rays and the procedure can reveal evidence of ischemia, brain atrophy, and strokes.

The procedure also picks up on PROBLEMS like subdural hematomas, hydrocephalus, and changes that affect the blood vessels.

As implied, MRIs make use of focused radio waves and magnetic fields to detect the presence of hydrogen atoms within the body’s tissues.

MRIs ARE BETTER at diagnosing brain atrophy and the damage that subtle ischemia or incidents of small strokes cause to the brain.

Thus, MRI is normally the first test a person undergoes and CT second.

Other Imaging Options That Can Diagnose Dementia

Several other brain imaging procedures exist. Each can help detect dementia in different ways.

can a CT scan show dementia

EEGs (electroencephalogram)

EEGs (electroencephalograms) are sometimes used on people who have suspected seizures, which accompany some types of dementia.

The procedure involves placing several electrodes at different points on the scalp to check for abnormalities in the brain through the recorded patterns of electrical activity.

The electrical activity shows instances of cognitive dysfunction that plague parts of the brain or the entire organ.

People with MODERATE to SEVERE cases of dementia present abnormal EEGs.

The procedure can also identify seizures, which 10% of people with Alzheimer’s are reported to experience.

Functional Brain Imaging

Functional brain imaging procedures are not often used as diagnostic tools. But they help researchers in the process of studying people with dementia.

They include functional single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), MRI (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

Nowadays, they have a hand in the EARLY DETECTION of dementia.

fMRI measures metabolic changes happening within the brain using strong magnetic fields.

SPECT scans reveal blood distribution within the brain. This aspect is responsible for discovering increased brain activity.

PET scans pick up on blood flow, glucose, and oxygen metabolism, and if amyloid proteins are present within the brain.

MEG scans record the electromagnetic fields that the brain produces through neuronal activities.

Additional Tests to Treat and Manage Dementia

Once an individual is diagnosed with dementia, the next step that follows is helping them understand how the condition will affect them and how to manage it.

additional tests that help treat and manage dementia

Several other medical assessments exist to help physicians understand how the condition affects a specific person. And also help families, as well as caregivers, figure out the best course of treatment for the individual.

Did you HEAR of the peanut butter test?

Neuropsychological Testing

Neuropsychologists and psychologists who have specialized training can also prescribe neuropsychological tests to detect dementia.

The process involves WRITTEN and ORAL tests that can take several hours to complete.

They use these methods to assess the cognitive functions of the person suspected to have dementia.

It helps them figure out if (and which) certain areas are impaired.

The tests assess aspects like vision-motor, memory, comprehension, reasoning, coordination, and writing abilities.

Physicians may administer additional tests to find out if the person in question is SUFFERING from mood problems or dementia.

Functional Assessments

Dementia is a cognitive disorder that affects the afflicted person’s daily functioning in different regards.

Objective assessments can establish what a person is STILL ABLE to do versus what they can no longer do in light of the condition.

Family members are asked to fill questionnaires that provide details about the person’s daily life in terms of the activities they are able to perform.

They generally note the tasks related to daily living that their loved one can complete partially, successfully, or have challenges in fulfilling.

The test also reveals the stage of Alzheimer’s afflicting the person undergoing the process. This, in turn, helps physicians and their loved ones charter the RIGHT COURSE of treatment.

The information also helps caregivers particularly in the case of someone who also suffers from other health problems like poor vision or arthritis that aggravate the degenerative condition.

Psychosocial evaluation

Social workers conduct psychosocial evaluations designed to assist the person’s family to make arrangements for their care.

They discuss the financial, physical, and emotional impacts that come from having a loved one suffer from the range of progressive brain degeneration disorders.

They also help with the process of organizing community services that can benefit the person as well as offer suggestions about alternative living arrangements if necessary.

Clinical Trials To Detect Dementia

Many people are taking part in RESEARCH STUDIES and clinical trials helping implement new medical approaches, equipment, drugs, and other treatment options in general.

People who take part in these studies gain access to advanced diagnosis or treatment options. It can help them manage the condition significantly.

Can a CT Scan Show Dementia? Conclusion

The bottom line is that CT scans and other brain imaging procedures CAN HELP diagnose dementia at any stage.

Combined with other assessments available, an individual battling the condition can get help early enough to manage it.

Families of people with dementia and caregivers can also access crucial information from these tests. They help in the process of caring for the individual.

How Can A Psychologist Help A Person With Dementia?

Teodora Ghiur Blog, Prevention ,
how can a psychologist help a person with dementia

If you have ever questioned how can a psychologist help a person with dementia, this in-depth overview explains it all.

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder whose causes are complex and not yet entirely understood by the scientific community.

Its main symptoms include a progressive decline in cognitive skills, out of which memory is the most impaired one.

Dementia also leads to changes in behavior which can become more evident once memory systems are progressively more affected.

A diagnosis of dementia can be highly overwhelming both for the individual, as well as for their family members.

Caring for someone diagnosed with this disorder can be HIGHLY DEMANDING. It requires ongoing support and supervision of all aspects of the individual’s life.

For this reason, it is necessary that multiple healthcare professionals are involved in the assessment, treatment, and supervision of someone who has received a diagnosis of any neurodegenerative disease, such as dementia.

Seeing a Psychologist About Dementia

seeing a psychologist about dementia
A Psychologist is a qualified professional who is able to provide an initial cognitive assessment and diagnosis of dementia.

Psychologists administer batteries of standardized memory assessments.

These DETERMINE whether someone is at risk of cognitive impairment, already has full symptoms of dementia, or simply experiences memory loss due to normal aging.

Memory and cognitive assessments can sound nerve-wracking.

However, their purpose is solely to determine whether someone has a significant change in their ability to remember essential information and to perform basic cognitive functions, such as numerical tasks, language processing, memory retrieval, and many others.

Psychologists USE THE SCORE that someone obtains on all cognitive assessments as clinical evidence for their overall assessment which will conclude a potential dementia diagnosis.

Following cognitive assessments, individuals are also assessed in terms of their behavioral patterns in their daily life.

A psychologist provides essential information

At this stage, family members can also assist the psychology appointment in order to provide essential information about the individual’s symptoms.

Psychologists can ask questions about the patient’s sleeping patterns, their daily routine, signs of forgetfulness, changes to eating patterns, their social interactions, and other causes of concerns observed by both the individual and their family members.

Many individuals who present the onset of memory decline will pick up on the SUBTLE CHANGES in their memory function and in their behavior even before these are noticed by others.

Psychologists conduct throughout mental health and behavioral assessments in order to rule out other potential causes of memory loss.

For example, it is scientifically proven that memory loss is caused by other mental disorders, such as depression or sleep disturbances.

This is why seeing a psychologist is essential in determining whether a diagnosis of dementia is needed or whether there are other underlying causes that lead to memory impairment.

Dementia Screening Process

dementia screening process
Psychologists use older adult specific tools that can help the other clinicians determine whether more in-depth assessment is required.

There are various types of screening instruments, such as:

Cognitive Screening Tests

These include the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) developed by Teng and Chui, 1987; the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R); the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS); and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), which is a useful informant-based measure of cognitive functioning.

Affective Screening

Common screening tests for older adults include the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Geriatric Inventory.

They assess the mental health of seniors who are at risk of cognitive and memory decline.

Caregiver Screening

Because caregivers are essential in the TREATMENT PLAN of someone with dementia, psychologists can also administer screening tools to check their mental state.

Amongst some common caregiver screening tools are the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI; Zarit, Orr & Zaritt, 1985) and the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Measures (Tarlow et al., 2004) who is designed to capture both the challenging and the positive aspects of caregiving.

Developing a Treatment Plan

how can a psychologist help a person with dementia
Receiving a dementia diagnosis can be frightening and overwhelming for everyone involved in the care of the individual.

Psychologists PROVIDE SUPPORT throughout the process of coping with dementia.

Since this degenerative disorder is also associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms, psychologists can help minimize the changes in mood and behavior associated with memory impairment.

They work with the care team and with the family members to design strategies that can be applied in the living environment of the person with dementia.

Such as putting procedures in place that allow the individual to function at their MAXIMUM capacity.

Some individuals who are diagnosed with dementia might experience hearing loss besides other symptoms. This makes communication with their family members even more difficult.

A psychologists offers tools and techniques

Psychologists can PROVIDE tools and techniques that they can implement in their communication with the individual.

These can entail communicating with the person with dementia in a more SENSITIVE manner.

Using a tone of voice and speech pace that allows the individual to effectively process language while minimizing the frustration and feelings of hopelessness that can arise out of communication issues.

In some cases, individuals with dementia might require support with their decision-making process.

Receiving a diagnosis for neurodegenerative disease can often imply that the individual needs to make some adjustments in their living environment.

Also in their daily habits and routine, and even in their social life.

Psychologists can provide support to help the individual IDENTIFY their personal preferences for things like home health aides they might require, the support services they want to access, or even financial and legal planning.

There are cases when the individual with dementia and even their family members are confused about the changes that happen in their life.

They can be unsure about their needs in terms of healthcare support and other services.

In this respect, psychological services can help them identify their needs, preferences, and vulnerable areas where they REQUIRE specialist support.

Providing Psychological and Emotional Support

providing psychological and emotional support
Another area where psychologists can intervene when someone has received a diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disorder is their emotional and mental well-being.

Like any diagnosis, dementia can create confusion, sadness, anxiety, and other disturbing emotions both in the diagnosed individual and in their family members.

They might experience an initial reaction of shock, followed by DENIAL and GRIEF.

These emotional states can be challenging to overcome, as individuals and their families are still adjusting to the new circumstances of their life.

In this respect, psychologists can provide strategies to manage THESE emotions.

And help those involved in the life of the person with dementia find useful coping strategies for challenging moments.

Counseling interventions

It is not uncommon that someone with a dementia diagnosis also experiences co-morbid mental health problems.

These include depression, anxiety, or sleep disturbances.

Psychologists can provide counseling interventions that ENCOURAGE the person to explore their underlying emotions and feelings.

Also to adopt HEALTH strategies in which they can manage their emotional and behavioral symptoms.

Furthermore, some seniors who are not used to being dependent on the support of those around them might experience intense feelings of guilt for being “a burden” for those around them.

They might feel inefficient and unable to provide for their basic needs.

This can lead to feelings of helplessness and even depression.

Psychologists will help individuals reframe their thoughts with regards to their diagnosis and to accept the circumstances of their life.

Since this acceptance can sometimes be a challenging process due to individuals not being able to accept help, it requires the intervention of a specialist who can direct people during this process.

Implementing the Treatment Plan

implementing the treatment plan
When working with a psychologist, the individual with dementia and those involved in their care might discuss the current strategies THAT ARE WORKING and potential area where new ones can be implemented.

They might also discuss with the psychologist potential behaviors that the person with dementia can improve in order to increase their sense of independence and their functionality.

The psychologist might also ask the individual or the caregiver to adopt strategies that minimize their memory decline, such as practicing memory tools.

These can help individuals ORGANIZE their daily routines and tasks.

On top of that, they also help them better manage their symptoms associated with memory loss.

The TOOLS that a psychologist might SUGGEST the individual to implement are:

  • Using visual cues around their house for reminders of daily tasks that need to be carried out, such as doing the dishes, cleaning, etc.
  • Using an alarm for when they need to be reminded to take their medicines
  • Keeping daily and weekly planners for enjoyable activities such as gardening, socializing, going for walks, cooking, etc.
  • Using memory tools like to-do-lists and calendars to remember important appointments, events, and birthdays
  • Taking up cognitive activities that stimulate memory, such as puzzles, word games, or learning a new hobby

Practical advice to customize the environment

Besides offering an overview of the treatment plan to the person with dementia and to their caregivers, psychologists also help family members to customize their environment according to their needs and goals.

For example, psychologists might provide practical advice about what someone with dementia might need in the place where they live in order to function well.

They might also discuss with family members essential information that they need to be aware of. Such as safety tips, treatment goals, and general information on how they can best support the person with dementia.

Some family members might not be aware of all the spectrum of symptoms of dementia, and as a result, they might be SURPRISED by the changes in the behavior of those diagnosed.

In this respect, a psychologist can prepare family members about the progress of dementia.

He or she can give them a general overview of what they should expect both in terms of the disease progression, as well as of the treatment outcomes.

Caregiver Support

caregiver support
Caring for someone who has a diagnosis of dementia can be an emotionally burdening task.

A significant percentage of dementia caregivers report experiencing emotional stress and even symptoms of depression.

The high demands of providing physical support to the individual combined with continuous supervision and with the emotional cost of noticing the changes caused by dementia can be VERY OVERWHELMING for someone offering care.

This is the reason why it is equally important that caregivers receive regular supervision from a psychologist and report any decline in their mental health.

Because they have a great deal of responsibility towards the person diagnosed with depression, caregivers need to ensure that they remain mentally and physically strong.

Psychologists can monitor the mental well-being of caregivers and assess their needs in terms of mental health and social support.

They can also suggest tools that caregivers can use to improve their well-being such as:

  • Finding adaptive ways to manage stress and to reduce the impact of emotional burnout on their physical health
  • Accepting the changes that the individual with dementia is going through
  • Encouraging caregivers to stay in close contact with other family members and seek support whenever they need to

Conclusion

To conclude, there are MANY AREAS in the life of someone with dementia where a psychologist can intervene.

Psychologists can undertake a variety of tasks, starting with a basic assessment of dementia symptoms.

They offering psychoeducation and counseling to caregivers and family members, and helping patients manage behavioral symptoms.

Furthermore, psychologists are the best-suited health professionals to provide EVIDENCE-BASED treatments for other co-occurring psychological disorders that someone with dementia might suffer from besides cognitive decline.

However, psychologists can also act as reliable support resources.

They are able to provide suggestions to improve the daily functioning and quality of life of the individual, as well as of their caregivers.

Creatine and Dementia – Is There a Link?

Petra Boh Blog, Prevention , , ,
creatine and dementia

In the quest to uncover products that can help people with dementia, we investigated increased interest in the link between creatine and dementia.

Creatine seems like it is playing a MAJOR ROLE in maintaining your cellular energy balance.

Does creatine help dementia?

A huge percentage (85%) of creatine is found in the muscles and the rest is found in other tissues like the retina and the brain.

does creatine help dementia

Thus, creatine supplementation can improve your memory and cognitive abilities.

Creatine’s main responsibility is to supply energy to your cells in the body.

Creatine and Neurological Research

Research published in the Journal of Neuromolecular Medicine creatine suggests that the organic acid is effective in the treatment of Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease some of the common types of dementia.

creatine and neurological research

This is mostly because creatine enhances cellular energy deficits in the brain tissue.

Consequently, this HELPS reduce a majority of the symptoms of these neurodegenerative conditions.

There is strong evidence suggesting that creatine supplementation may have great potential in treating Huntington’s disease (HD).

Creatine can improve (even extend) the quality of life

Creatine may improve or even extend the quality of life for persons who are living with HD.

Clinical trials on the link between creatine and dementia revealed that creatine supplementation may slow down the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

The supplements appear to have long-term benefits for individuals who have PD.

Creatine SUPPLEMENTATION also shows improvement in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

Study on creatine supplementation

A study was done on the long-term effects of creatine supplementation looking into the potential side effects. Researchers observed 60 aged patients monitoring them for 2 years.

Some participants were given 4g/d of creatine while others received a placebo.

The main aim of the study touching base on the connection between creatine and dementia was to ensure proper renal function while using creatine supplements for neurological illness.

The study reported that elderly people with Parkinson’s disease tolerated creatine well. Renal or kidney function remained within normal limits.

An OCCASIONAL stomach upset was the only serious side effect that affected the participants.

Is creatine good for memory?

Some studies also indicate that creatine supplements may IMPROVE memory and concentration in healthy individuals. Even those who are suffering from early stage Alzheimer’s disease another common cause of dementia.

In 2003, researchers published evidence that taking creatine can boost mental performance.

This is after researchers conducted a study involving 45 participants.

After taking 5-g of creatine supplement daily for 6 weeks, the participants recorded better scores on intelligence and memory tests. Especially for tasks that they took under time pressure than the participants who were taking a placebo.

Another study published back in 2007 indicated that creatine supplementation helps cognition in the elderly. Participants of this study took 5-g supplement 4 times a week before taking spatial and number tests.

People taking creatine supplementation perform better

The people who were on the supplement performed better than the ones taking the placebo.

The June 15th issue of the Journal of Neuroscience indicated that creatine may offer protection to people who have Alzheimer’s. This is after a study was conducted on mice.

The animals were fed on creatine and after some time, they experienced protective effects on their brain.

A team of scientists from leading US research institutes including Cornell University and Harvard Medical.

School tested creatine on mice that had been given the gene for Huntington’s disease.

The professionals concluded that creatine supplementation in mice greatly improved survival, decreased bodyweight loss, slowed down brain atrophy development, and enhanced motor performance.

8 Creatine Products Reviewed

ProductFeaturesProsConsCheck Price
Life Extension Creatine Capsules Dietary Supplement Life Extension Creatine Capsules Dietary Supplement4.5 STARS
120 capsules
Take 2 capsules/2X day
Unflavored
Packaging ideal for travel
Certified GMO free
Gluten free
Finest raw ingredients
USA made
Easily absorbed
Accept returns
Vegetarian
Specific for cognitive
Capsules more expensive than powder
Suggested dosage small		Amazon Buy Cat Food
Optimum Nutrition Micronized Creatine CapsulesOptimum Nutrition Micronized Creatine Monohydrate Capsules4.7 STARS
300 capsules
2 capsules twice daily
2.5grams creatine/serving		Keto frindly
Easy to swallow
GMP certified
Quality assured
Creapure creatine
Micronized monohydrate- studies support

Marketed for muscle building
Capsules are large to swallow
Higher cost than powdered		Amazon Buy Cat Food
Nuticost Creatine MonohydrateNutricost Creatine Monohydrate Powder4.3 STARS
5gms/serving 2X day
Unflavored		Value for money
Option of capsules
GMO & gluten free
Vegetarian
Soy/dairy free
No artificials
No fillers

Marketed for muscle building
Scoop provided is larger than 5gms		Amazon Buy Cat Food
My Protein Creatine MonohydrateMy Protein Creatine Monohydrate Powder4.6 STARS
1 tsp (5gms) a day
Unflavored
2.2 pounds
Monohydrate- supported by research
Vegetarian/vegan
Dairy free
Gluten free
Tested for safety
USA made


Ziplock bag, some problems with seal
Marketed for muscle build/strength		Amazon Buy Cat Food
Ax German CreatineAx German Creatine Powder4.6 STARS
54 servings (270gms)
1 scoop (5 gms)/day
Can buy in bulk (600gms/1000gms)
Creapure- high quality
Monohydrate- research supported
Strict quality controls
No fillers
100% creatine
Value for money


Amazon Buy Cat Food
Dymatize Creatine MicronizedDymatize Creatine Micronized Powder4.6 STARS
10.6oz (300gms)
1 tsp (5gms)/daily
Unflavored		Extra fine microns- proper dispersion
Gluten free		No scoop given
Limited information about product 		Amazon Buy Cat Food
Allmax Essentials Creatine Pharmaceutical Grade Allmax Essentials Creatine Pharmaceutical Grade Powder4.5 STARS
400gm tub
1 scoop (5gms)/daily
3 sizes (1000gms, 400gms, 100gms		Micronized monohydrate- research supported
Gluten free
Vegan
Quality guarantee tested
Fast absorbing
Keto friendly		Amazon Buy Cat Food
Universal Creatine Wafer Chews Universal Creatine Wafer Chews4.2 STARS
Orange or grape flavor
144 wafer chews
4 wafers (5 gms)/day
1.25gms of creatine per wafer

Tasty
Easy to chew (no swallowing capsules)
Creapure- quality		Artificial flavors
Sweetened with sucrose and dextrose
Marketed for muscle build/strength
Some say not easy to chew
Some don't like chalky texture		Amazon Buy Cat Food

Creatine and Dementia Closing Thoughts

When it comes to the connection between creatine and dementia, there MAY BE HOPE for persons who have neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease.

Further research, however, needs to be done to present more conclusive results on whether creatine supplementation can help persons who have various types of dementia.

Bonus: What is Creatine

We can describe creatine (more popular in the athletic world than in neuroscience) as a nitrogenous organic acid made in the human body from three amino acids L-methionine, glycine, and L-arginine.

Amino acids are referred to as protein building blocks that are derived from dietary protein.

The body makes about one or TWO GRAMS of creatine daily. Organic acid makes up about 1% of the total volume of blood in the human body.

Creatine is produced in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys.

Humans CAN GET creatine from foods like meat and fish. People can also get organic acid from supplements.

The supplements are widely available and a person does not need a prescription to take them.

There are several uses of this organic acid some of which are supported by research and they include:

Enhancing Athletic Performance

Athletes use creatine supplements to help improve performance, especially when taking part in high-intensity training.

It is one of the most popular supplements amongst men who participate in sports like baseball, football, wrestling, and lacrosse.

Furthermore, it is one of the common supplements used in the manufacture of sports nutrition supplements and drinks.

Increases Body Mass

Older people mostly use creatine supplements to increase body mass. There are claims that when there is an increase in creatine content in the muscles, a person will get greater body mass.

Repairing Damage after Injury

Evidence suggests that creatine supplements may be useful when it comes to preventing muscle damage as well as enhancing the recovery process after a person experiences an injury.

creatine and dementia

Additionally, it may also have an antioxidant effect after a session of resistance training. Individuals may also experience less cramping after taking the supplements.

Some studies suggest that the supplements may also play a role in the rehabilitation of the brain as well as other injuries.

Some evidence suggests that it can help treat various medical conditions including but not limited to muscle diseases, MS (multiple sclerosis), congestive heart failure, diabetes, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and many others.

Creatine may also prevent skin from aging and enhance cognitive ability.

After getting to know what creatine is and how it can help people let’s look into the link between creatine and dementia.

 

How Do You Make A Dementia Patient Happy?

Petra Boh Blog, Prevention , ,
how do you make a dementia patient happy

Getting a positive dementia diagnosis can take a toll on a person which is why it is important for caregivers to identify ways to make a dementia patient happy.

Dementia describes a group of symptoms that are associated with a progressive decline of abilities of the brain.

The illness negatively affects many aspects of a person’s life including intellect, memory, insight, language, and social skills amongst others.

Different Activities to Cheer Up Someone with Dementia

To help persons with the disease cope with the changes that are happening in their lives, there are several tips you can work with to MAKE THEM HAPPY such as:

Including them in Social Activities

identify ways to make a dementia patient happy
One of the ways to make a dementia patient happy is to identify ways in which they can have fun.

This includes planning creative activities, games, and social activities that they can enjoy.

When picking an activity, it is important to ensure that it is something that the person with dementia likes and can comfortably do.

Focus on feeling good now

Keep in mind that the idea is to have a good time without putting any pressure on the ill person.

Additionally, the chosen activity must not be too HARD or too SIMPLE.

If a person forgets the rules or makes mistakes when playing games, the carer should just let them be.

Most importantly, do not insist that the individual takes part in activities that they are not interested in.

The activities should only take place if a person is showing interest and enjoying them. Some activities to consider include:

  • Simple games such as staking colored rings
  • Painting and using crayons
  • Playing games like snakes and ladders, and Ludo
  • Antakshari

When it comes to social outings, a person with dementia may enjoy exposure to a new environment from what they are used to.

Caregivers must be very selective with the outings to avoid overstimulation, crowds, noise pollution, and constant movement.

Maintaining Strong Relationships

maintaining strong relationships
Many people with dementia will experience loneliness and social withdrawal which can make them sad.

To make them happy, their loved ones need to try and maintain STRONG BONDS so that they can feel like they belong even with everything that is happening in their lives.

This includes planning to spend quality time with the person who has dementia.

If a person still lives at home, their loved ones should visit as often as they can.

It is advisable for relatives and friends to liaise with the primary caregivers on the activities to take part in that will bring joy and laugher to the affected individuals.

Family members and friend should not forget them

At some point in the disease, a person who has dementia may have to move to a care facility.

Family members should not forget them in these new living spaces.

They should organize visits so that they can spend time with the suffering person at the facility. It helps a person feel loved and supported.

Relatives and friends should also familiarize themselves with the disease and know the changes to expect from the person in the various stages of the illness.

This gives loved ones a chance to act appropriately when they are around individuals with the disease to offer much-needed support rather than stressing them out.

During the visits, relatives and friends can bring along children, pets, photographs, letters, videos, or other items that are bound to create a pleasant experience for the individual.

Maximizing Comfort

maximizing comfort
Another suggestion on how to make a dementia patient happy is by making sure that they are as comfortable as possible at all times.

This includes ensuring that a person is not suffering from pain that may be causing a lot of discomforts.

There are times when a person with dementia CANNOT communicate properly to let caregivers know that they are in pain.

Are they in pain?

It is, therefore, the responsibility of the carers to keep an eye on them to know if anything has changed.

It is also important for the weak person to visit a doctor often.

The professionals can tell if they are having any medical conditions or pain they can treat or manage to increase the comfort levels of the person with dementia.

Maximizing comfort also has a lot to do with making sure that the areas where a person sleeps and spends most of their days are safe and comfortable.

Remove anything that can cause the person to trip and fall.

The spaces should also be kept neat and uncluttered.

Some home renovations like installing handrails in the shower may also be a welcome change.

Installation of alarms and heat sensors may enhance safety in case of emergencies.

Staying Physically Active

staying physically active
Encouraging a person with dementia to stay physically active is another step towards making a dementia patient happy.

Working out results in improved circulation, endurance, strength, and cardiovascular fitness.

Additional BENEFITS of exercise include:

  • Better sleep
  • Improved mood
  • Decreased likelihood of constipation
  • Reducing the risk of falls because of enhanced balance and strength
  • Maintenance of motor skills
  • Better memory
  • Reduced rate of mental decline associated with dementia
  • Improved social and communication skills
  • Getting a sense of accomplishment
  • Improved behavior like reduced swearing, acting aggressively, and wandering

Working out also prompts the body to RELEASE ENDORPHINS that are known to trigger positive feelings in the body.

Exercise does not have to be strenuous but something fun and enjoyable.

It can be as simple as taking a walk, engaging in sit-to-stand exercises, dancing, yoga, stretching, or light household chores depending on a person’s ability.

Effective Communication

effective communication
Over time, dementia will affect the way a person communicates.

Caregivers should therefore learn how to communicate effectively with a ill person as one of the ways to make a dementia patient happy.

Being Rude, Condescending, or Aggressive will just not cut it.

This can make the person with the illness feel like they are being talked down to something that can bring up unwarranted behavior or responses.

It is best to speak slowly and clearly using short sentences. The tone used should always be calm, friendly, and positive.

Remember to give the affected individual enough time to respond.

Making EYE CONTACT when speaking can also be helpful.

Avoid creating complicated choices because persons with dementia respond to simple options.

Other ways of communication can also help when dealing with an individual with the progressive illness.

These include a gentle reassuring touch, gestures, facial expressions, and movement that can convey a message.

Closing Thoughts

When trying to figure out ways to make a dementia patient happy, it is IMPORTANT to understand that the disease does not everyone in the same manner.

This means that what makes a person happy may not work for the next.

Caregivers should therefore get to know the person they are working with to come up with the best plans that will keep them happy and safe as they move from one stage of the illness to the next.

Can a Geriatrician Diagnose Dementia?

Porsche Lee Blog, Prevention ,
can a geriatrician diagnose dementia

A geriatrician is a practitioner that specializes in treating elderly patients.

Yes, geriatricians can diagnose dementia but often have a patient visit a neurologist to confirm the type of dementia.

Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells resulting in their inability to communicate with each other.

There are more than 100 types of dementia but the 4 most commonly discussed are Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy Body dementia, Frontotemporal dementia, and Vascular dementia.

These four types of dementia account for 98% of the cases of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, making up 60-80% of the cases.

Geriatrician’s Dementia Diagnosis

Diagnosis of dementia involves a thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory studies.

It is important for geriatricians to rule out other medical conditions that can mimic dementia such as emotional stress, excessive intake of alcohol, side effects of medications, and head injuries.

Geriatricians will perform laboratory studies to ensure the patient isn’t exhibiting memory issues due to an underlying condition such as vitamin deficiency or thyroid issues.

Imaging studies include CT, MRI, and PET brain scans. These imaging studies can detect strokes, tumors, and changes in the brain’s structure.

Cognitive Tests

cognitive tests for dementia
Cognitive testing such as Mini Mental State Examination, Abbreviated Mental Test Score, Clock Drawing, and Mini-Cog are just a few of the mental status tests performed to aid in the diagnosis of dementia.

The Mini-Cog test is most common. It is a 3-minute test that involves incorporating the clock drawing test with a 3-item recall.

Patients are asked to draw a clock face with numbers and hands indicating a specific time. They are also given 3 words and later asked to recall them, usually within 3 minutes.

Lastly, psychiatric evaluation is performed to rule out depression or other mental health conditions causing memory issues.

Examples of other health conditions that can cause memory issues include strokes, Parkinson’s disease, and buildup of fluid on your brain.

What Follows Diagnosis?

what follows diagnosis of dementia
Once a diagnosis has been established, a geriatrician will treat dementia in a variety of different ways.

Treatment depends on the type of dementia a patient has as well as the symptoms stemming from that particular type of dementia.

Patients may display a wide range of symptoms from emotional volatility to problems with cognitive reasoning.

Treatment of dementia involves a combination of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Treatment for Different Dementia Types

Donepezil and Memantine are commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

These two medications help boost acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for memory and learning.

Other drugs and vaccines that inhibit the production of toxic tau or amyloid protein are currently being tested in trials.

The results haven’t been promising as they are not yielding significant results in patients with dementia.

Different dementias

Lewy body dementia, although similar to Alzheimer’s disease has additional traits such as hallucinations, problems with speaking coherently and alertness.

This type of dementia often involves the addition of antipsychotic medications as patients with this type of dementia tend to be more physically aggressive.

Frontotemporal dementia, which usually results in extreme mood changes, usually involves antipsychotic treatment specific to the behavior of the patient as the emotions can range from extreme happiness to deep depression.

Methylene blue, a drug in development for Alzheimer’s disease, may prove to be beneficial in patients with Frontotemporal dementia in the future. Methylene blue inhibits the aggregation of tau protein.

Tau, which is associated with many brain diseases, is a protein misfolded and abnormally shaped in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Ellison, n.d.).

Vascular dementia, which results from one or several strokes, involves treatment focused on cardiovascular health.

Many patients who get strokes have high cholesterol so statins (Atorvastatin) are often prescribed to lower cholesterol levels. Blood pressure medications are given to lower blood pressure.

Low-dose aspirin (Aspirin 81mg daily) or blood thinners such as Coumadin or Plavix are also given to prevent clotting of the blood which often causes a stroke.

Patients who use tobacco or alcohol are often encouraged to cease their use to decrease their stress as well as lower blood pressure.

Although depression, anxiety, and hallucinations which often develop in patients with dementia are managed with medications, dementia patients are better aided by having a supportive physical and emotional environment.

Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions

can a geriatrician diagnose dementia
Ideal non-pharmaceutical interventions for treating dementia include 24/7 caregivers for patients with dementia, especially advanced dementia.

Caregivers can help patients with dementia perform their daily activities while helping them maintain their sense of independence.

Preferably, you’d want to have a caregiver possessing experience working with dementia patients.

Also ensuring a therapeutic physical and social environment is of utmost importance. A therapeutic setting includes a patient living with family members or living in specialized memory care homes.

Patients with dementia have also been found to benefit from exposure to support animals as well as arts & crafts activities.

Establishing a daily routine is essential for patients with dementia. An example of what an ideal daily routine would look like is below.

Daily routine

  • Patient wakes up same designated time daily
  • Breakfast
  • Performs a mind stimulating activity (walking, puzzles, reading)
  • Nap
  • Lunch
  • Social activity (visit from family or friends) or chore (folding laundry, feeding pets)
  • Dinner
  • Bed

Ideally the mind stimulating, social activity, or chore would be performed for at least 45 minutes.

Another way to establish a daily routine would include taking your loved one to a senior daycare center.

Extra cognitive exercises

extra cognitive exercises
Additional ways to perform cognitive exercises in dementia patients include listening to music, “I remember when” stories, repeating the same phrase several times, looking through old photo albums, and having pictures of close family members and friends along with the names attached to these pictures aid memory in dementia patients.

A calm, quiet environment is ideal for dementia patients. Too much noise often causes agitation in them. Speak slowly and don’t ask too many questions at one time in dementia patients.

Safety is an important factor in patients with dementia.

In advanced dementia, an artless mentality is often displayed as the person forgets the purpose of things and how they are used.

Some things you can do to keep a patient with dementia safe at home include securing household items by placing childproof locks on drawers containing dangerous items, preventing falls by placing shower chairs in the bathroom with rails, and having the patient walk with a cane or walker to avoid falls.

Insomnia is common in patients with dementia.

Because of this, it’s important to have night lights throughout the home in order to prevent accidents.

Conclusion

Most importantly, establishing a support group for you as well as your loved one with dementia is important to ensure a safe and therapeutic environment for the patient.

Taking care of a loved one with dementia can be a rewarding but stressful task at times. Research home health agencies that provide flexible caregiver placement so you can take breaks as needed.

Lastly, enlist the help of other family members and friends.

Probiotics and Dementia – Is there a Link

Petra Boh Blog, Prevention ,
probiotics and dementia

As research continues into the diagnosis and treatment of dementia, there has been growing interest in the link between probiotics and dementia.

We can describe probiotics as living microorganisms or “good” bacteria that offer numerous health benefits when ingested.

When it comes to enriching our gut with probiotics, we can do it either through supplements or foods like yogurt, kefir, kimchi, tempeh, and sauerkraut.

Furthermore, probiotics help balance friendly bacteria in the digestives system.

Other health benefits associated with probiotics include:

  • Reducing symptoms of various digestive disorders
  • Preventing and treating diarrhea
  • Reducing eczema and the severity of certain allergies
  • Helping with loss of belly fat and weight
  • Enhancing some mental health conditions
  • Keeping the heart healthy by lowering blood pressure and bad cholesterol
  • Boosting the immune system and protecting against infections

Can probiotics help with dementia?

can probiotics help with dementia
In addition to the above probiotics and dementia benefits, there may be a possibility that probiotics can help boost cognitive function and mood while enhancing brain function indirectly.

Research indicates that the brain and gut are connected in a partnership that is known as the gut-brain axis.

Below is a brief description of the connection between the brain and the gut.

Link between the Gut and the Brain

The brain and the gut are linked through biochemical signalling between the central nervous system that includes the brain and the nervous system in the digestive tract.

The longest nerve in the body (vagus nerve) is responsible for information connection between the two.

link between the gut and the brain

Moreover, the gut is often referred to as the “second brain” because it produces many neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric.

The brain also produces the same neurotransmitters. These play a major role in regulating mood.

What affects the brain affects the gut

Probiotics for Dementia
The researchers found that when participants with mild cognitive impairment received the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for 3 months, their cognitive scores increased.

Because of this connection, experts explain that what affects the brain affects the gut and vice versa. When the brain senses trouble, it will send warning signals to the gut.

This is why during stressful events; a person may experience digestive issues like an upset or nervous stomach.

On the other hand, gastrointestinal problems like Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or chronic constipation may trigger depression or anxiety.

The brain-gut axis also works in the opposite direction.

For instance, the gut helps to regulate appetite by letting the brain know it is time to stop eating. When a person finishes eating, the gut microbes produce proteins that can suppress appetite after about twenty minutes.

The timing corresponds with the period people take to start feeling full. With this information in hand, it is prudent to ask how probiotics fit in the gut-brain axis concerning the connection between probiotics and dementia.

Some studies claim that probiotics can help boost cognitive function, mood, and lower anxiety and stress.

A small study done in 2013 reported in the Journal Gastroenterology discovered that ladies who consumed yogurt with a mix of probiotics two times a day for 4 weeks were calmer when exposed to images of frightened and angry faces compared with a control group.

MRIs also revealed that the group on yogurt has lower activity in the insula. This is the part of the brain that processes internal body sensations such as those emanating from the gut.

A Study on the Relationship between Probiotics and Dementia

Trials with mice have also recorded that probiotics can improve memory and learning and may also reduce depression and anxiety.

study on the relationship between probiotics and dementia

A study from Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University in Iran states that it was the first to demonstrate the effects that probiotics have on people.

The team carried out a small clinical trial that went on for 12 weeks. The researchers observed 52 women and men aged between 60-95 years.

All the participants in the study were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease one of the most common causes of dementia.

The group was divided into two. One group was given around seven ounces of milk enriched with four types of probiotics daily. Individuals in the other group were only given plain milk.

All the participants in the study went through a test measuring various mental abilities including attention, memory, and language skills.

The highest score people could get on the test was 30.

As the study was going on, researchers uncovered that the average score of the participants taking milk enriched with probiotics rose from 8.7 to 10.6. This was different from the group that was taking plain milk as their scores dropped from 8.5 to 8.0.

Probiotic supplementation can show improvements

Researchers agreed that all the participants performed poorly in the test, but they acknowledged that the difference in results between the two groups was quite huge.

The researchers concluded that they thought metabolic changes might be responsible for the difference in results.

For example, participants who were on probiotics also showed improvements in lipid profiles and insulin metabolism.

This is one of the studies that has raised questions about the link between the brain and the gut and how they relate to dementia.

The results of the study will be repeated in bigger studies before experts can understand the real benefits that the brain gets when a person consumes probiotics.

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Closing Thoughts – Probiotics and Dementia

The relationship between probiotics and dementia is still not clear.

The few studies that have been conducted on the topic show promising results. It is possible that in the future probiotics may be instrumental in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia.

More research needs to be done to find out how probiotics can help individuals with dementia. This will give more insight into whether probiotics can support a healthier brain.

What Helps With Dementia Mood Swings?

Petra Boh Blog, Prevention, Signs ,
what helps with dementia mood swings

Since rapid mood swings are common symptoms of dementia, this guide will help you understand what helps with dementia mood swings and how to handle them.

Many persons with the progressive illness at some point will become moody, switching between various emotions fast for no reason.

On the other hand, some people with dementia will show less emotion than they used to in the past.

Handling Dementia Mood Swings

When it comes to expressing emotions, dementia may lower an individual’s inhibitions which can result in an increase in angry outbursts or crying.

Mood swings can start happening even in the early stages of the disease.

Some people with the illness will have mood swings because they are having trouble coping with losing their abilities as they try to understand their new terrifying and bewildering world.

Mood swings may also be happening because of the physical changes that are happening in the brain.

Sometimes, mood swings can be a result of pain, hunger, boredom, or feeling too hot or too cold.

Other possible causes of mood swings include:

  • Diet
  • Untreated psychiatric disorders
  • Caffeine
  • Clutter
  • Feeling rushed
  • Overstimulation
  • Too much noise

Coping with Mood Swings

what helps with dementia mood swings
Coping with mood swings can be hard for the person experiencing them as well as those around them.

Below are some of the tips that caregivers can use to help a person with the illness.

Trying to Understand the Affected Individual

One of the things to do when wondering what helps with dementia mood swings is to accept that the changes are caused by the illness and the affected person is not acting out on purpose.

It is important to identify a person’s likes and dislikes because this can help reduce the severity of the mood swings as well as their frequency.

Additionally, it may also help to know what makes the affected person feel relaxed, their favorite music, activities they like to participate in, things that upset them, or the times when the person mostly acts out.

trying to understand the affected individual

Gathering this type of information allows caregivers to predict when the problems with mood swings may occur to prevent them or know what to soothe them.

Other coping mechanisms that can work include:

Consulting a Doctor

The professional will assess the person with dementia to find out if they have depression or any other psychiatric issues.

The physicians can also prescribe medication in case the mood swings seem excessive or dangerous.

These can include anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants, and antipsychotics that can make the mood swings more manageable.

Creating a Calm Environment

Minimizing noise and distractions is another option available for people who are looking for what helps with dementia mood swings.

When a person has dementia loud noises including background noises from a TV or radio might be too much to handle.

An open space or glaring light may make an individual feel insecure or unsafe. Creating a peaceful environment might help to lessen mood swings that are primarily caused by overstimulation.

creating a calm environment

Putting on relaxing music or even building a sound machine can help promote a restful mood.

Ensure that the lighting around the living areas is soft and pleasant.

Assessing Physical Needs and Comfort

If a person who has dementia is uncomfortable and they cannot express it, it can trigger mood swings.

It is, therefore, important to ensure the individual is not too cold or hot by adjusting clothing and room temperatures as deemed necessary.

Check to see that the person is not hurt, hungry, thirsty, and is sleeping well.

Keeping track of the number of trips to the bathroom might also help in case a person wants to go and they do not even realize it.

Re-Direct Attention

If an individual becomes anxious and irritable, try and change the subject by gently introducing happy memories, asking about a loved one they are fond of, or playing an interesting song or home video.

Redirection can prove to be very helpful when it comes to ending an outburst.

It is, therefore, vital to have the tools and ideas ready so that they can be easily accessed when needed.

Practice Patience

Lots of patience is needed when exploring options carers need in regards to what helps with dementia mood swings.

Dementia may make a person argumentative and angry. At this point, avoid being confrontational, but try and acknowledge their frustrations.

practice patience

Avoid correcting a person even when they are wrong.

Caregivers are supposed to support and recognize the emotions and the realities of the suffering person regardless of how “unrealistic” they may be.

Get Support

Taking care of a person who has dementia and is experiencing mood swings can be quite challenging and draining.

Caregivers need to take breaks and get all the support they need so that they can be energized to properly look after their loved ones.

There are plenty of local support groups one can join to interact with other people who are in similar situations.

Support groups are a great place to discuss what works when it comes to what helps with dementia mood swings.

Pneumonia and Dementia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Rok Krivec Blog, Prevention, Signs , ,
pneumonia and dementia

There is a close correlation between pneumonia and dementia, which we need to be aware of to take action accordingly.

Persons with dementia are prone to different types of infections one of the most frequent being pneumonia.

This is a serious respiratory infection that is common in seniors with or without dementia.

Types of Pneumonia

There are three types of pneumonia.

Bacterial Pneumonia

bacterial pneumonia
This is the most severe form of pneumonia that needs a person to take antibiotics for treatment.

Elderly people living in care homes or hospitals are at a greater risk of catching bacterial pneumonia.

Unfortunately, hospital-acquired pneumonia tends to be more resistant to treatment.

The primary reason why it is common for seniors to get pneumonia while in the hospital is because they spend a lot of time in bed.

Vital Pneumonia

vital pneumonia
This is typically caused by the viruses responsible for flu and colds and tends to be prevalent during cold weather.

It is mainly responsible for mild pneumonia that children get.

Aspiration Pneumonia

aspiration pneumonia
This is another type of pneumonia that is common in older people with dementia. This develops when liquid or food goes down the windpipe instead of the food pipe.

It is the case because some people with dementia usually have trouble swallowing which increases their chances of breathing foods and drinks.

Sadly, this is also among the leading causes of death among golden-agers with dementia.

Knowing the different types of pneumonia let’s explore other aspects of pneumonia and dementia below.

Causes of Pneumonia in Persons with Dementia

causes of pneumonia in persons with dementia
Pneumonia will mostly attack people who have dementia because of a compromised immune system.

The progressive disease weakens the immune system which paves the ways for the development of other medical conditions.

Symptoms of Dementia

symptoms of dementia
When talking about pneumonia and dementia, it is important to know how to spot the disease. Signs that might indicate a person has pneumonia include:

  • A cough that has brownish, green, or yellow phlegm. Sometimes this may even have bloodstains
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Shivering, sweating, and generally feeling ill
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Wheezing while breathing

Rib and chest pain

Pneumonia in the elderly can be painful. Chronic coughing can lead to rib pain.

After heavy coughing, a senior might fracture their ribs or in some rare circumstances cause spinal issues like vertebra alignment problems or slipped disk.

Increased confusion

With older people, pneumonia can be the cause of disorientation and confusion. Some people may complain about having challenges thinking or have a hard time explaining things that would have been easier.

This can be made worse by the fact that they are already suffering from memory loss because of dementia.

If you spot any of the above, it is important to see a GP immediately. It may be hard to ascertain for a fact that your loved one has the infection.

A professional doctor will use a stethoscope to check for any rattling or crackling sounds in the chest.

The medic can also arrange for several tests including sputum, blood, and x-rays to identify the virus or bacteria that is causing the infection.

When pneumonia is caught early and proper treatment administered it can clear from a person’s system within 7-10 days.

People, however, feel tired and weaker for longer.

Treatment

treatment
In the case of viral pneumonia, a person may need to take antiviral drugs. This is, however, not common because bouts of viral pneumonia may heal without the use of medication.

Taking fluids in plenty, eating healthy and resting can see a person heal after some time.

Most doctors will recommend antibiotics and plenty of rest to treat bacterial pneumonia. Studies show that persons who are take antibiotics get at least six more months to live.

There is, however, still a huge debate as to whether the antibiotics work as they should in regards to pneumonia and dementia.

This is because about 40% of seniors who die from dementia are usually found to be taking antibiotics a short while before they pass one.

Research suggests that caregivers should determine the goal of care before they go ahead and administer the antibiotics.

Antibiotics may sometimes cause inconvenience

Studies reveal that while antibiotics may give an individual more time to live, they can also be the case of a decrease in comfort rates.

Antibiotics may cause adverse side effects like severe digestive upset and multiple allergic reactions.

This means that if the goal is to offer as much comfort as possible, antibiotics can be out of the question.

Aggressive administration of antibiotics should only happen when the goal is to help the individual live longer.

This is one of the reasons persons with dementia need to have advance medical directives. They need to be asked what treatment techniques they prefer later on in the disease before severe mental and physical decline.

This way, anyone taking care of the person will execute the wishes of the ill person correctly. These wishes can be highlighted in a living will.

The individuals also have the option of appointing one of their friends or family members to serve as the power of attorney for their healthcare decisions.

These are crucial documents that guarantee protection to the affected person when they can no longer make “sane” decisions.

How Antibiotics are Administered

how antibiotics are administered
If the doctor agrees to antibiotics treatment for pneumonia and dementia the drugs can be administered in two major ways.

1. Pills to swallow
2. Injections

The strongest antibiotic types are given by an IV (intravenous) infusion or injection. This sends the medicine to the veins directly through a tube or needle.

Anyone subject to IV antibiotics may require frequent hospitalization and blood tests.

As an alternative, the person taking the drugs can work with a nurse at home who will be administering the antibiotics when necessary.

In some cases, restraining the person taking the medicine may be inevitable.

This is because dementia in the middle and later stages can make an individual confused; thus, may not understand why they need the IV and want to get rid of it.

Ways to Prevent Pneumonia

ways to prevent pneumonia
Seeing that pneumonia can cause tragedies, it is better to focus on preventive measures. This will help older people with pneumonia and dementia to prevent loads of suffering.

Some of the ways to prevent pneumonia are:

Vaccines

Some vaccines can prevent some types of pneumonia from attacking people with dementia. The pneumococcal vaccine is the most common which helps to prevent over 20 bacterial pneumonia strains.

Experts reckon that the vaccine is only effective for a short period when given to older persons.

Doctors recommend that a person gets their first dose after they turn 50 and the other one at 65. They should then get new doses after 5 years.

This said, it is important to mention that the vaccine does not always engender excellent immune response in grown-ups; thus, it will not always work well.

An influenza vaccine can also help adults get milder flu attacks.

Get the person to move about

This is especially important if one is in the hospital and spends most of their time lying in bed.

Moving around and exercising as much as possible can help reduce the risk of getting the infection.

If the affected person is not fit to do a lot of walking simply sitting upright on a chair can do a lot of good.

This will help the lungs expand so that it is easier to clear the lungs and cough.

Quit smoking

pneumonia and dementia
Smoking causes damages to the lungs; hence, it makes pneumonia more likely.

Persons with dementia should stay away from smoking because it also decreases the body’s ability to fight the infection.

Limit alcohol

Alcohol misuse is one of the factors that increase the risk of not only developing pneumonia but also making it more severe.

It has been known to make swallowing challenging which can lead to aspiration pneumonia. If a person does not want to quit drinking, let them limit it to a pint or glass of wine.

Good hygiene

This can also help keep pneumonia at bay since the infection also spreads by inhalation and contact. It is advisable for people to frequently wash their hands or use sanitizer.

Dispose of used tissues immediately is also highly recommended. Individuals with pneumonia should also use a handkerchief while coughing to avoid spreading germs.

Healthy diet

healthy diet to prevent pneumonia and dementia
While eating right will not cure pneumonia studies show that individuals who eat a diet rich in vegetables and fruits are less likely to develop respiratory infections.

Dark leafy greens, berries, tomatoes and citrus fruits are examples of food rich in antioxidants that can help the body recover from infections quicker.

Ensuring a person is awake and upright while eating

This will majorly prevent aspiration dementia. When a person concentrates on eating and drinking, it will reduce the chances of the food going down the wrong pipe.

At some point changing the texture of food by pureeing or mincing may be necessary. Thickening fluids can also make them easier to safely swallow.

Pneumonia and Dementia Final Thoughts

A huge percentage of people with dementia end up dying when they develop pneumonia.

It is vital to pay close attention to pneumonia and dementia in a bid to maximize life quality and expectancy.

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Dementia

Laura Herman Blog, Prevention , , ,
cognitive stimulation therapy dementia

If you would like to understand the link between cognitive stimulation therapy and dementia, I cover it all in this extensive article.

What if there was a treatment for mild to mid-stage dementia that could improve cognitive functioning as effectively as dementia medications, but without side effects? What if it was inexpensive, accessible and enjoyable for the person with dementia? In fact, what if there already is?

If you live in England, chances are you’re already familiar with Cognitive Stimulation Therapy.

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy and Dementia

It is considered a standard of care in the UK, and it is recommended and provided for most or all British individuals with dementia who choose to participate.

The word — and research — on CST is getting out to other countries, and cognitive stimulation therapy programs are growing around the world.

At least, that is, they were growing until the pandemic put a stop to group gatherings, especially for older adults.

However, there are adaptations being developed for this exciting therapy as scientists, experts, and group leaders explore how to best translate the program to an online format.

What is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?

what is cognitive stimulation therapy
Cognitive stimulation therapy is an evidence-based group treatment modality designed for people with mild to moderate dementia.

It was developed in the United Kingdom by Dr. Aimee Spector and a team of dementia specialists after rigorously researching the efficacy of various non-drug dementia interventions.

Since its inception in 2003, an abundance of evidence has shown that CST significantly improves participants’ cognitive functioning, mood and quality of life.

CST Aims to Improve Cognitive Functioning

The evidence shows that CST is as effective as dementia medication for improving cognitive functioning.

CST is the only non-medical intervention that the British government for the treatment of dementia endorses.

In fact, it is considered a standard of care in the UK to be referred to a CST group upon being diagnosed with dementia.

Few barriers interfere with the implementation of cognitive stimulation therapy. CST groups can be led by essentially anyone who works with people with dementia.

It’s not restricted to highly credentialed medical professionals. There is no extensive training or special equipment necessary, so the cost of the program is low.

All that’s needed is a manual, a modest training program, and a few simple supplies.

Who can Administer Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?

who can administer cognitive stimulation therapy
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy is designed to be successfully administered by anyone who works with people with dementia.

This includes care workers, psychologists, occupational therapists and nurses.

A basic CST training program ensures that facilitators understand the guiding principles of the program. Also to understand how to apply them in a standardized, yet person-centered, and effective way.

Available training manuals offer instruction on how to lead a CST group.

They discuss the key principles of the therapy, include detailed session plans, and other instructions on how to monitor participants’ progress.

What is a CST Session Like?

what is a CST session like
Traditional Cognitive Stimulation Therapy sessions utilize a group format to capture the benefits of social interaction.

It is a set series of sessions, usually given twice per week over seven weeks.

CST sessions can occur in a variety of settings, from private homes to hospitals, facilities or day programs.

They should take place in a comfortable environment that is conducive to learning and social engagement.

CST stimulates particular cognitive skills

CST sessions are designed to exercise and stimulate specific cognitive skills. The first session begins by having the members designate a name for their group.

The same participants join throughout the series of sessions.

Attention to consistency throughout the sessions is an important feature. For example, each session begins with the same warm-up activity.

Each session has a different theme, such as “Physical Games”, “Childhood”, “Food”, “Current Affairs” or “Number Games”. Sessions typically last an hour.

A reality orientation board is posted throughout the series of sessions, which displays information about each participant.

As the participants interact with each other, they get to know one another, which contributes to feelings of friendship and support.

What are the Benefits of CST?

what are the benefits of CST
The benefits of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy are well documented and include a significant improvement in cognitive functioning.

In order to quantify data, researchers often use tools that measure memory, orientation, language and visuospatial abilities. These tools include:

  • The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
  • The Alzheimer’s Disease Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-COG)

Because these standardized forms are also often used to measure the efficacy of Alzheimer’s drugs and other modalities, it is easy to directly compare the results.

CST shows an improvement in cognitive areas measured by these tools comparable to anti-dementia drugs.

Other noted benefits of CST include a significant improvement of language skills (such as naming objects, word-finding, comprehension) and quality of life.

Quality of life is determined by the participants using the QoL-AD tool.

Caregivers of CST participants with dementia consistently report an improved quality of life for themselves, as well as for their loved ones.

They report improvements in their loved ones’ moods, confidence and ability to concentrate.

Both the participants and caregivers describe participation in the groups as feeling supportive and positive.

What are the Variations of CST?

As Cognitive Stimulation Therapy matures and becomes more widespread, more variations are innovated to meet more specific cultures or preferences of individual participants.

For example, Saint Louis University’s Geriatric Education Center in Missouri, USA has developed several variations of CST of their own, including an exercise-based group, a spiritual group and a caregiver-assisted group.

Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (iCST)

individual cognitive stimulation therapy
Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (iCST) is a newer variation of this modality.

It is designed to provide the therapeutic benefits of CST on a one-to-one basis, rather than a group setting.

It can be administered to the person with dementia by a friend or family member with iCST training.

An iCST program includes 75 activity sessions which are intended to be provided over three 30-minute sessions for 25 weeks.

Each iCST session begins with five minutes of orientation information, followed by five minutes of current news and events, and then twenty minutes of the main activity.

The main activity themes include topics such as “Life Story”, “Word Games”, “Art”, “Reminiscence” and others.

In one research study, individuals with dementia participating in iCST programs did not experience the same cognitive gains of the traditional group-based sessions, but there were significant benefits nonetheless.

The individual and their carer reported a much better quality of the relationship. The carers also reported a measurably better quality of life and fewer symptoms of depression.

Both the individuals with dementia and their carers expressed enjoying the program and felt that it ignited an interest in mentally stimulating activities.

Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy is an excellent alternative when group sessions aren’t available or practical. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this need has become especially widespread.

It’s also useful anytime those who don’t enjoy group interaction and people who can’t get to group sessions for reasons such as compromised health or mobility.

Maintenance CST

While Cognitive Stimulation Therapy is typically designed as a series that concludes after 14 sessions, an adaptation for ongoing “maintenance” therapy is in the works.

Designed for longer-term treatments, Maintenance CST can extend the period of benefits. One research study concluded that long term benefits of maintenance CST were especially powerful in terms of improved quality of life, with the cognitive improvements tapering off over time.

Virtual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (vCST)

virtual cognitive stimulation therapy
Virtual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (vCST) was born in response to an urgent need created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Still in its early stages, vCST is taking shape in various ways.

Adapting group sessions to an online format, providing iCST to an individual online (with in-person support from a family member), and training family caregivers to provide individual CST in-home sessions are areas that have been explored, and are ripe with potential.

Individual cognitive stimulation therapy sessions are now being offered online through Washington University Physicians Occupational Therapy.

Their goal is to train carers to administer sessions at home with their loved ones.

A therapist works with the individual with dementia and their caregiver over seven virtual sessions and supports them as they work through the process.

A binder of material is provided with this program.

Researchers at the University College of London and Hong Kong University have been collaborating to adapt CST into virtual sessions so people with dementia can experience the best possible benefits of the program in the alternate format.

What is Next for CST?

Already being used in at least 33 different countries, scientists are developing ways to introduce and grow Cognitive Stimulation Therapy sessions across different cultures and different socio-economic populations.

International train-the-trainer programs exist in Denmark, Norway, Germany, China, New Zealand and USA.

A three-year study is currently investigating how to best implement CST in low to middle income nations, including Brazil, India and Tanzania.

A similar program, called SAIDO Learning, exists in Japan and demonstrates comparable results.

An adapted model of CST intended for people in the moderate to severe stages of dementia is also currently under development in London.

Where to Learn About Online CST Training

To learn more about CST training opportunities, including access to a series of free online training video modules, visit the Saint Louis University website.

To learn about opportunities for online iCST training visit the iCST website.

15+ Best Dementia Anxiety Treatment Practices

Rok Krivec Blog, Prevention ,
dementia anxiety treatment

There are multiple different approaches to the best dementia anxiety treatment practices that are crucial for an individual with the disease.

Anxiety is one of the behavioral conditions that many people with dementia experience.

Studies estimate that about 25%-70% of the dementia population showcases anxiety symptoms.

Anxiety in Dementia

Anxiety can be described as a feeling of nervousness, apprehension, worry, or unease about something/ an uncertain outcome.

Often, this is usually healthy and normal emotion. The problem only comes in when an individual continually feels an inappropriate anxiety level to the extent that it becomes a medical disorder.

Medics usually have a tough time diagnosing anxiety because most of the symptoms overlap those of depression and agitation in dementia.

However, some factors are chief to anxiety according to experts such as:

Anxiety symptoms are known to alter how a person behaves and processes emotions. For some, they can also lead to physical symptoms.

Quality of life diminishes for persons who have dementia and anxiety, and they typically have more challenges with their day-to-day activities.

This is in comparison to the ones who have dementia without anxiety.

Nonetheless, the association between anxiety and the decline of dementia is still not crystal clear.

Best Dementia Anxiety Treatment Options

There is no debate that anxiety is the cause of negative consequences for caregivers and people with dementia.

It is the reason affected individuals are constantly seeking the most effective dementia anxiety treatment methods.

Below we shed some light on some of the best practices that people can follow to deal with anxiety in persons who have dementia efficiently.

Pharmacological Treatment

pharmacological treatment
Doctors might recommend some type of drugs to help deal with anxiety like:

Anxiolytics

The drugs are prescribed to persons who have severe responses to anxiety-like emotional outbursts and panic attacks.

The medications kick in to keep a person relaxed and calm. It’s important to note that the drugs can be habit-forming.

They are also associated with side effects like drowsiness and slowed breathing that can become worse over time.

For this reason, doctors advise that a person should not take the drugs more than two weeks consecutively.

Seniors especially can be sensitive to the side effects; hence, they need close monitoring when they are taking the medication.

Benzodiazepines are examples of some of the medications that people with anxiety can take for a short while. People who cannot take Benzodiazepines for one reason or another may be put on helpful antidepressants.

Medics usually choose the medication that a person will take depending on their side effect profile, potential cognitive perks, and at times potential to address insomnia.

Antidepressants

In most cases, anxiety is commonly present with depression. When this is the case, taking antidepressants can offer a person plenty of benefits.

Because there are multiple antidepressants in the market, it is important to get guidance from a professional doctor on the specific ones to take.

Be sure to report any side effects so that the professional can give direction on whether to stop or continue taking the drugs.

Antipsychotics

Some elderly persons with dementia and anxiety fail to show therapeutic responses to benzodiazepine and antidepressant treatment.

In such special cases, the use of antipsychotics may be advisable to help manage anxiety in dementia.

Therapies

dementia anxiety treatment
People who have dementia and anxiety can also benefit from various therapies to help get rid of anxiety.

These are therapies that have relaxation and supportive components as they usually do a commendable job when it comes to dementia anxiety treatment. Examples of therapies that a person can try out include:

Music Therapy

There is evidence that music therapy directed by a qualified professional helps to reduce agitation, which is one of the anxiety symptoms.

CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy)

It is one of the psychological therapies that help many prevent the occurrence of anxiety. It assists the person with dementia and anxiety to evaluate thinking about the challenges they face.

This teaches them to change the way they think as well as their reactions to various situations.

IPT (Interpersonal Therapy)

This is also helpful for treating different types of anxiety. It helps individuals to discover fresh ways of getting along with other people.

This also allows them to perform better in terms of resolving losses, conflict, and changes in relationships.

Pet Therapy

pet therapy for people with dementia
People who have dementia and anxiety can also benefit from pet therapy.

The therapy can include companions from pets like trained dogs, cats, fish aquariums, and bird aviaries, etc.

Domestic animals are particularly helpful when it comes to reducing feelings of loneliness, helplessness, and boredom.

Other benefits that a person can enjoy spending quality time with pets they love include:

Laughter Yoga

laughter yoga treatment for dementia
This is a yoga technique that seeks to bring people together so that they can share in the joys of laughter.

Laughter Incorporated reckons that there are over seven hundred laughter clubs in seventy countries.

This type of yoga combines intentional yogic breathing and laughter. Laughter for no reason is the main focus.

This is because the body does not know the difference between fake and real laughter thus can benefit from both without a problem. Inducing laughter can help reduce anxiety.

Some studies suggest that laughter can have the same effects as antipsychotic medications without side effects.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

transcranial magnetic stimulation
This is another effective dementia anxiety treatment option. It is a non-invasive way of using magnetism on the brain.

It has been known to treat anxiety in dementia, where a person will not respond to various medications and therapies.

Because it is still relatively new, more research and clinical trials still need to be conducted to give conclusive reports.

This said the treatment has been used successfully on many persons who have dementia.

Person-Centered Care

person centered care for dementia
Individualized care can help offer some relief to anxious people. It is especially beneficial for people with mild anxiety.

It helps to offer a listening ear to know what is happening in a person’s life.

From here, one can offer reassurance to calm down the person with dementia.

If they agree to be touched, caregivers should hug or hold their hands to remind them that they are safe and they can ask for help anytime.

It’s vital to check the emotional triggers that might be behind the anxiousness.

These could be things like the person feeling thirsty, hunger, wearing uncomfortable clothes, feeling pain, being too cold, hot, or need to use the washrooms.

If this is the case, offer practical solutions immediately like giving them a drink, food, snack, blanket, or change of clothes depending on the situation.

A person might also be feeling lonely, bored, or experiencing hallucinations, etc.

At this point, it is vital to identify activities that they love to keep them engaged so that they have something pleasant to look forward to.

Working Out

working out as a dementia anxiety treatment
Exercise also works as part of the dementia anxiety treatment plan. Working out helps to ease anxiety. Exercising does not have to be at the gym under a professional trainer.

Going out for walks, dancing, or a little gardening also counts as working out. Aerobic exercises, in particular, may be as effective as taking antidepressants.

Massages and deep breathing exercises can also offer some form of relief.

Needless to say, exercise goes hand in hand with good eating habits. Diet should include coconut oil, nuts, cinnamon, vitamin E, extra virgin olive oil, berries, turmeric, and berries.

An individual might also try the Mediterranean diet.

Modify Living Environment

modify living environment for people with dementia
Making adjustments to a person’s living space can also help persons who have dementia anxiety.

This is by ensuring the ill person stays in an environment that is safer and calmer.

Cutting background noises from the radio or TV can create a calmer space.

It is also important that they have a better structure for daily life, including activities that the individual finds meaningful.

Getting rid of clutter might make daily tasks more manageable. The use of night-lights or low-lighting can also help a person with anxiety feel less afraid and confused at night.

Joining Support Groups

dementia anxiety treatment joining support groups
Becoming a member of a support group can prove to be invaluable for a person who has dementia anxiety. It helps them meet other people who are in a similar situation.

This can help a person to feel more calm or relaxed because they get to understand that they are not the only ones with the problem.

The meeting sessions prove to be useful in terms of reducing anxiety and improving mood.

The groups also act as impactful resource centers where individuals can find heaps of information they can use to manage anxiety effectively.

Dementia Anxiety Treatment Closing Thoughts

Trying out different dementia anxiety treatment methods is crucial for a person with dementia.

This helps identify the most successful ones to help improve the life of the suffering individual significantly.

Before attempting any treatment option, it is important to consult a doctor to get the green light to go ahead.

The expert can also recommend the proper mix of drugs and caregiving tips to work with.

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