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Alcohol Dementia (Symptoms & Treatments)

Trevor Howitt Blog, Types June 14, 2021October 15, 2021alcohol dementia, dementia, dementia symptoms, dementia treatment, symptoms

We are observing the negative effects and health problems of alcohol daily, including alcohol dementia.

This is a health condition that leads to SEVERE cognitive issues as well as improper neurological functioning.

Alcohol-Related Dementia

It is one of the detrimental effects of alcohol on the human body that not many people are aware of.

The illness can affect any person at any age more so the ones who are into consuming LARGE quantities of alcohol over a short period.

It is unlike other dementia types that normally affect the elderly.

This kind of intoxication deprives the body of important nutrients causing brain damage as well as harmful effects to major organs in the body. Including pancreas, liver, kidneys, and many more.

Note that alcohol has a direct negative effect on brain cells.

This results in a lack of insight, poor judgment, and difficulties making proper decisions. To some extent, alcohol-induced dementia is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

They both affect COGNITIVE and MEMORY abilities.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dementia

Alcohol-related dementia is influenced by two important factors:

Korsakoff syndrome

This is a condition that translates through frequent episodes of confusion, depression, memory issues, and inability to speak among others.

Dementia and alcohol are related in this case because excessive alcohol consumption prevents normal neurological functioning.

This leads to the development of dementia in people who abuse alcohol.

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

This occurs when an individual does not have a vitamin known as thiamine in their body.

Over-the-top drinking and vomiting normally cause this.

Drinking too much alcohol regularly results in thiamine deficiency.

Experts reckon that alcoholics typically develop Wernicke’s encephalopathy first, which then causes Korsakoff syndrome.

Ultimately, the SEVERE MEMORY ISSUES that are associated with Korsakoff syndrome will result in dementia that is caused by alcoholism.

Check out some of the most common symptoms that people who have dementia caused by alcoholism showcase.

Confusion

This is one of the most common symptoms of this kind of dementia. People with the illness appear not to be in a position to think clearly.

Many feel disoriented and have a tough time making decisions or focusing.

Confusion normally makes a person experience sudden emotional changes like being agitated out of the blues.

An individual may also have incoherent speech and lack awareness of time or location.

Repetition

A high percentage of individuals who have this illness will find themselves telling the same story over and over again without even realizing it.

In line with this, some will also ask the same question repeatedly because THEY HAVE NO recollection of the queries that have just been asked or answered.

When having a conversation with such individuals, do not be shocked if they keep repeating the same information over ten times.

Impulsivity problems

A person who has alcohol dementia may start to be reckless with their finances.

This is where an individual may get into a habit of making rash financial decisions purchasing items they do not need.

They may also become too generous with their money giving it out aimlessly.

Such people usually have a DIFFICULT time CONTROLLING EMOTIONS. One minute they may be the happiest beings on earth and the next they start crying.

Inability to perform motor tasks

You may notice that a person who has alcohol-related dementia has challenges performing both simple and complex motor tasks.

These can include walking, running, getting dressed, or getting up and down a flight of stairs.

Heavy alcohol abusers also experience damage to nerves in their legs and arms.

These people normally have issues with sensation, and they might also demonstrate unsteadiness on their feet.

An array of psychiatric problems

Dementia that relates to alcohol is also known to produce various psychiatric issues. These can include disconnect from reality (psychosis), anxiety, depression, and changes in personality.

Some may also develop apathy which can be MISTAKEN for depression.

Impaired ability to learn new things

It can become very difficult for a person who has this type of dementia to start learning new things. This is because damage to the brain affects its comprehending and processing ability.

Other symptoms may include but are not limited to frequent headaches, anger episodes, slurred speech, mood swings, decreased spontaneity and initiative, and memory gaps.

Oddly, persons who have alcohol-related dementia may seem to be in total control of their faculties drawing correct deductions, playing games that require mental skills like cards or chess, and making witty remarks, etc.

Before concluding that a person has alcohol-related dementia, you must seek the services of a professional or doctor.

Because of the symptoms that the illness has, it becomes difficult to tell right away that dementia has been caused by alcohol abuse.

Doctors, however, can conduct several proper tests to come up with the right diagnosis.

The professionals will also be in a position to advise on how to combat the illness in the right way, depending on the individual.

Treatment for Alcohol Dementia

It is advisable to start treating alcohol-related dementia as fast as possible.

If we detect this dementia early enough, it means that the damage to the nerves and brain will not be excessive.

While the treatment process can be quite stressful for candidates with alcohol-induced dementia, it is necessary, if a person wants to PREVENT further health problems or death.

Studies show that women have more success reversing the effects of alcohol-related dementia than men.

Both genders, nonetheless, require support from their friends and family while undergoing treatment.

There are several treatment options that a person who has this dementia type can explore such as:

Quitting Alcohol

To cure this type of dementia, a person simply needs to quit drinking alcohol. When a person stops taking alcohol, it prevents further damage to nerves and brain function.

People with the illness can also show improvement by improving diet and exercising.

Alcoholism Treatment

Quitting consumption of alcohol may not be the easiest thing to do. Doctors may put the person with dementia on alcoholism treatment when the situation is dire.

This typically consists of multiple IV infusions and therapies that attempt to replenish the vital nutrients the body has lost.

Most people will have to stay in a clinic or hospital for a certain period so that they can be monitored closely during the treatment.

Some who have the willing power may, however, go through alcoholism treatment successfully at home.

Others may even need a rehabilitation center to stay “clean.” This is because, during the treatment, a person MUST NOT touch even a single drop of alcohol.

It is usually a difficult moment because an alcoholic at this point has been used to the toxic substance to an extent that their bodies crave it and most feel like they cannot survive without a drink.

In such cases, alcoholism support groups can be helpful.

Thiamine Therapy

Thiamine therapy also helps with the treatment of dementia from the abuse of alcohol. This provides the body with the much-needed B1 or thiamine vitamin.

This vitamin is crucial in the body because it helps the brain cells convert sugar into energy.

When there is thiamine deficiency, it means that the brain cells will not have enough energy to function well.

The treatment comes highly recommended because it enhances the neurological functioning of people with alcohol-related dementia.

Additionally, it can also PREVENT this type of dementia FROM PROGRESSING to more dangerous stages.

Counseling

It is important to incorporate counseling as part of treating dementia caused by alcoholism. This is where the affected person gets a chance to talk to professional therapists.

It can help identify the root cause of the problem to eliminate it. After dealing with what causes a person to OVERINDULGE in alcohol, the chances of relapsing become slimmer.

Persons who have alcohol dementia may also benefit from services that memory clinics offer.

It is, therefore, wise to seek referrals from your doctor to point you in the direction of a good clinic.

You can also consider addiction programs that have been successful in helping people abstain from alcohol for the rest of their lives.

If the person who has dementia is living in a retirement community, remember to communicate this to the caregivers early enough. This is because not all communities may be aware of the health condition.

Some may not even have the proper resources to extend beneficial care.

If you find yourself in such a situation, continue searching until you can identify the community that will be the right fit.

Alcohol Dementia Final Remarks

To clarify things, alcohol dementia mostly affects people who drink EXCESSIVELY.

It is very rare for a person who gets tipsy once a week by having a few wine or beer glasses to develop the illness.

Individuals who are at risk are the ones who frequently intoxicate themselves with alcohol and suffer from hangover symptoms almost every day.

These are the people who are always feeling dizzy and vomit all the time.

Not treating the disease early enough can make it an incurable health condition.

Nonetheless, administering proper treatment on time gives alcoholics a chance to lead a happy, alcohol-free life.

Dementia Anxiety Treatment: 10 Ways to Ease Anxiety

Trevor Howitt Blog, Prevention March 26, 2021August 21, 2026dementia anxiety treatment, dementia treatment

Older woman experiencing anxiety and distress

Dementia anxiety treatment often begins with something surprisingly simple: working out what may be making the person anxious.

People living with dementia can experience anxiety, fear, restlessness and agitation. Sometimes these feelings are related directly to changes in the brain. In other cases, pain, illness, medication side effects, tiredness, hunger, unfamiliar surroundings or difficulty understanding what is happening may be contributing.

For this reason, the best response is usually not simply to try to stop the anxious behavior. Instead, look for the cause, reduce distress and help the person feel safe.

What Does Anxiety Look Like in Dementia?

Anxiety may not always look like someone saying, “I’m worried.”

As dementia progresses, a person may find it increasingly difficult to explain what they are feeling.

Signs of anxiety can include:

Restlessness
Pacing or wandering
Repeated questions
Fearfulness
Irritability
Difficulty relaxing
Clinging to a caregiver
Difficulty sleeping
Becoming distressed when left alone
Worrying about events that are not happening
Becoming upset in unfamiliar surroundings
Physical tension

Anxiety and agitation often overlap, but they are not necessarily the same thing.

The Alzheimer’s Association explains that people with Alzheimer’s may become anxious or agitated when they have difficulty understanding new information, changes in their surroundings or what is happening around them.

Dementia Anxiety Treatment Should Start With the Cause

Before treating anxiety as purely an emotional or behavioral problem, consider whether something else may be wrong.

The National Institute on Aging identifies several problems that can contribute to agitation or distress in someone with Alzheimer’s disease.

These can include:

Pain
Constipation
Illness or infection
Medication side effects or interactions
Lack of sleep
Hunger or thirst
Too much noise or activity
Changes in familiar surroundings
Changes in caregivers
Loneliness
Fear or confusion

A sudden change in behavior deserves particular attention.

If someone who is normally calm suddenly becomes extremely anxious, agitated or confused, contact their health care professional so that possible medical causes can be investigated.

10 Dementia Anxiety Treatment Strategies

There is no single dementia anxiety treatment that works for everyone.

However, the following approaches can help caregivers identify triggers, reduce distress and create a greater sense of security.

1. Check for Pain or Physical Discomfort

One of the first questions should be: Could something be hurting?

A person with dementia may not be able to explain that they have a headache, toothache, constipation, an infection, uncomfortable clothing or another source of discomfort.

Look for changes such as:

Grimacing
Guarding part of the body
Changes in walking
Reduced appetite
Difficulty sleeping
Sudden agitation
Repeatedly touching one area of the body

Our guide to dementia and pain explains other signs that caregivers can watch for.

2. Offer Calm Reassurance

Trying to reason someone out of their fear may not always work.

If a person believes something frightening is happening, arguing that they are wrong can sometimes increase their distress.

Instead:

Speak slowly and calmly
Stay at eye level
Use short, simple sentences
Listen to what is upsetting them
Acknowledge their feelings
Reassure them that they are safe
Stay with them until they become calmer when possible

The Alzheimer’s Association recommends reassurance and calm, positive communication rather than arguing or criticizing.

3. Create a Calm Environment

The environment can have a major effect on someone who has difficulty processing information.

Too many conversations, a loud television, glare, clutter or unfamiliar people can become overwhelming.

Try:

Turning down the television or radio
Reducing unnecessary background noise
Removing clutter
Providing comfortable lighting
Moving to a quieter room
Keeping familiar belongings nearby
Avoiding large groups when they cause distress

These simple changes may reduce the amount of information the person is trying to process at once.

4. Keep a Predictable Daily Routine

Dementia gradually makes it more difficult to understand and adapt to change.

A predictable routine can therefore be reassuring.

Where practical, try to keep:

Meals at approximately the same times
Regular waking and bedtime routines
Familiar caregivers
Regular activities
Consistent bathing and dressing routines

This does not mean every day needs to be rigidly scheduled. The objective is simply to make daily life more predictable.

5. Look for Anxiety Triggers

Patterns can provide valuable clues.

If anxiety frequently occurs at a particular time or during a particular activity, ask what might be triggering it.

For example:

Does anxiety begin when a caregiver leaves?
Does bathing cause distress?
Does it worsen late in the afternoon?
Does a noisy room trigger agitation?
Does the person become anxious when hungry?
Are they frightened by a reflection or shadow?
Does anxiety occur around unfamiliar people?

Keeping a simple diary of what happened immediately before an anxious episode can help identify patterns.

Someone who appears anxious may also be thirsty, hungry, tired, uncomfortable or in need of the bathroom.

6. Encourage Appropriate Physical Activity

Movement can provide an outlet for restlessness and may improve mood and sleep.

Activity does not need to involve a gym.

Depending on the person’s mobility and health, options may include:

Walking
Gardening
Dancing
Gentle stretching
Simple household activities
Chair exercises

The Alzheimer’s Association specifically suggests walking, gardening or dancing as possible ways to reduce agitation and provide an outlet for energy.

See our guide to exercise and dementia for more ideas.

7. Use Music and Familiar Activities

Familiar and enjoyable activities can redirect attention away from anxiety.

These might include:

Listening to favorite music
Looking through family photographs
Gardening
Folding laundry
Drawing or painting
Watching a familiar television program
Reading together
Doing a simple household task

Music can be particularly useful when it is familiar and meaningful to the person.

The aim is not necessarily to keep someone busy. It is to provide something familiar, manageable and pleasant that can help shift attention away from distress.

8. Maintain Social Connection

Loneliness and isolation can contribute to distress.

Some people benefit from:

Regular family visits
Small social groups
Dementia-friendly community activities
Adult day programs
Faith or community groups
Support groups

The amount of social interaction should suit the individual. A busy group may comfort one person and overwhelm another.

Quality and familiarity are often more important than the number of people involved.

9. Consider Psychological Therapy When Appropriate

Some people with mild or moderate dementia may still be able to participate in psychological therapies designed to help with anxiety.

One option is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly when it is adapted for cognitive impairment and involves caregivers when appropriate.

A recent systematic review indexed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database found that CBT was associated with reduced anxiety in people with dementia, although researchers noted that dementia-specific adaptations and caregiver involvement may be important.

CBT is not suitable for everyone, particularly when dementia has become advanced, so discuss psychological treatment options with the person’s health care professional.

10. Discuss Medication With a Doctor When Necessary

Medication may sometimes form part of a dementia anxiety treatment plan, particularly when symptoms are severe, persistent or causing significant distress.

However, medication choice requires particular care in older adults with dementia.

The National Institute on Aging recommends trying appropriate non-drug approaches before medications for many behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.

What Medications Are Used for Anxiety in Dementia?

There is no single medication that is right for every person with dementia and anxiety.

A physician may sometimes consider antidepressants or other medications depending on:

The person’s symptoms
Whether depression is also present
Other medical conditions
Current medications
Risk of falls
Potential drug interactions
The severity and duration of the symptoms

Benzodiazepines Require Particular Caution

Benzodiazepine anti-anxiety medications can sometimes reduce severe anxiety quickly, but they can also be problematic in older adults.

The National Institute on Aging warns that these medications can cause:

Sleepiness
Dizziness
Falls
Confusion

For this reason, they may be used only for short periods, if at all, depending on the individual.

Antipsychotics Are Not Routine Anxiety Treatment

Antipsychotic medications should not be viewed as a routine treatment for anxiety in dementia.

They may sometimes be considered for severe agitation, aggression, hallucinations or psychosis when symptoms create significant distress or safety concerns and other approaches have not worked.

These medications can carry serious risks for older adults with dementia.

The Alzheimer’s Association provides current information about medications used for behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and emphasizes careful, individualized medical decision-making.

Never start, stop or change an anxiety, antidepressant or antipsychotic medication without speaking with the person’s prescribing health care professional.

What About Pet Therapy?

Animals can provide companionship, familiarity and enjoyable interaction for some people with dementia.

This may involve a family pet, trained therapy animal or supervised animal-assisted activity.

However, response varies considerably.

Someone who has always loved animals may find the experience calming, while a person who is frightened of animals may become more anxious.

As with other activities, the individual’s preferences should guide the decision.

When Should Anxiety Be Medically Assessed?

Contact the person’s doctor when anxiety:

Appears suddenly
Becomes significantly worse
Interferes with eating or drinking
Causes severe sleep disruption
Is associated with hallucinations or delusions
Occurs after a medication change
Is accompanied by pain, fever or signs of illness
Creates a risk of harm to the person or others
Cannot be managed with usual reassurance and support

A sudden behavioral change can sometimes indicate pain, infection, medication side effects or another medical problem rather than simply progression of dementia.

Dementia Anxiety Treatment: Key Takeaway

The most effective dementia anxiety treatment depends on why the person is anxious.

Start by looking for pain, illness, medication effects, hunger, thirst, fatigue, fear or environmental triggers.

Calm communication, predictable routines, reduced noise, physical activity, familiar music and meaningful activities can all help some people feel safer and less distressed.

When anxiety remains severe or persistent, talk with the person’s health care professional about psychological therapies and whether medication is appropriate.

Most importantly, try to see anxious behavior as communication. The person may not be able to explain exactly what is wrong, but their behavior may be telling you that they are frightened, uncomfortable or overwhelmed.

How Do You Treat Dementia Naturally?

Petra Boh Blog, Prevention February 11, 2021October 16, 2021alternative dementia treatment, dementia treatment, natural dementia treatment

After a positive dementia diagnosis, some people may ask how do you treat dementia naturally.

Before answering this question, it is important to note that there is currently no cure for dementia.

Affected persons can, however, take some steps that will help to treat symptoms of the illness or help slow down its progression.

There are two ways of doing this.

The first includes taking medication while the other focuses on alternative treatments.

Natural Treatments for Dementia

The primary aim of treatment is to create a better quality of life for ill individuals. Below we will highlight some of the options available when a person wants to treat dementia naturally.

Eating a Healthy Diet

Some studies confirm that diet plays a vital role in slowing down the progression of dementia.

Some foods like leafy green vegetables, fatty fish, herbs, some oils (CBD oil, olive oil, etc.), nuts, fruits, cruciferous vegetables, and other superfoods come highly recommended not only for treating the disease but reducing its risk as well.

Use of Supplements

Supplements are another answer given to the question of how do you treat dementia naturally.

Several supplements are known to be beneficial to persons suffering from dementia.

The most popular one is Ginkgo biloba which comes from trees from the Maidenhair tree.

It is in use in America for years, but it still needs a prescription in many countries in Europe.

Ginkgo biloba is said to have three primary active ingredients namely bilobalide, ginkgolides, and flavonoids that help in promoting blood flow, inhibiting inflammation, and reducing the damage that free radicals cause.

Numerous trials reveal that the supplement helps to improve cognition in individuals with dementia. Other supplements that people with the neurodegenerative illness can try include Omega-3 fatty acids, Ginseng, Vitamins B12 & B9, Vitamin E, Huperzine, and Vitamin D.

Remember to exercise extreme caution when taking supplements because, in most cases, the remedies are not regulated.

It is always best to consult your doctor before you start taking any supplements.

Different Therapies

Some therapies can work very well in treating numerous dementia behavior problems and symptoms, such as:

Occupational therapy

A professional occupational therapist can work with individuals with dementia as well as their families to teach coping behaviors.

The expert can also offer insight on how to modify the affected person’s living space to make it safer and more comfortable.

This is one to manage behavior, prevent accidents like slipping and falling, and also prepare everyone involved for dementia progression.

Music Therapy

This can help to promote relaxation and reduce agitation especially if it involves listening to soothing music.

What’s best, almost everyone can introduce music therapy to their lives.

Pet Therapy

The therapy involves the use of domestic animals like cats and dogs. This has been known to improve the behavior and moods of people with dementia.

Art Therapy

This entails getting weak individuals to participate in creative art focusing on the process instead of the results.

Reality Orientation Training

This comes in handy as the disease continues to progress and a person starts to forget important details. It involves going over basic things like the time, date, and person’s name.

Bright Light Therapy

Many people who have dementia will experience sleep disruptions because the disease affects the region of the brain that regulates the circadian rhythm that tells the body when to wake up and sleep.

Light therapy can help to restore a person’s sleep-wake cycle. Not to mention, bright light therapy works in reducing agitation, too.

Aromatherapy

This is the use of essential oils to improve well-being. A short-term study revealed that therapy can help improve thinking abilities in seniors.

Some oils commonly used for aromatherapy include lavender, lemon, rosemary, and orange.

Reminiscence Therapy

This involves the process of allowing persons with dementia to remember the good old days.

In short, you can do reminisce therapy by talking about their past life, viewing pictures and videos, or listening to music that helps them remember treasured memories.

Exercise

Exercise is another solution available for persons asking how do you treat dementia naturally.

Persons with dementia can get multiple benefits from exercising. These include enhanced balance, strength, and cardiovascular health.

Experts also explain that exercise can help to effectively manage symptoms like restlessness.

Additionally, staying physically active can help a person sleep better.

Growing evidence also reveals that exercise can help protect the human brain from dementia especially when it is combined with treating cardiovascular disease risk factors and a healthy diet.

Research also states that physical activity can help reduce depression symptoms as well as slow down the progression of impaired thinking in persons who have dementia.

Exercise does not have to be something strenuous that will end up frustrating an individual. It can be something light and enjoyable such as gardening, taking walks, swimming, and dancing.

The workouts must also be safe to do depending on a person’s ability.

Coconut Oil

Processed coconut oil contains a fatty acid known as caprylic acid.

The body breaks down this acid into a protein known as ketone. For your information, Ketasyn is a drug that uses a similar protein.

Some researchers claim that individuals who took Ketasyn recorded less cognitive decline and improved memory performance.

Instead of taking the drug, some individuals are taking processed coconut oil to reap the benefits.

Acupuncture

Some people believe strongly that acupuncture can help in dementia treatment. This is why we had to include it as one of the responses of how do you treat dementia naturally.

Acupuncture defines an alternative medicine option that used fine sterile needles to promote self-healing.

The therapist uses needles to stimulate the body while improving energy flow.

Some studies show that acupuncture can help improve cognitive function and mood for people with dementia.

Others claim that it can help to relieve pain and increase energy levels. This is worth trying out as it presents little risk.

A licensed and trained practitioner must, however, perform the therapy.

Reflexology

This is the practice of careful hand and foot massage with the aim of alleviating pain and reducing distress.

Massages for a long time have been known to improve the quality of life for individuals who have dementia. It can also help to brighten up someone’s mood.

Social Interaction

Some problems that people with dementia face stem from social isolation. It is one of the main reasons social interactions are a part of the answers to the query of how do you treat dementia naturally.

Psychosocial interactions can help improve cognition and the general well-being of persons who have dementia.

An individual can do this in different ways such as participating in group activities that help to bring joy to the elderly.

Sensory activities are also important especially when the affected individuals have challenges with communication because they can help identify new ways to communicate with peers and caregivers.

These can include things like dancing and art activities like pottery.

Challenging the Brain

Another way you can treat dementia naturally is through keeping the brain active. If the impaired person enjoys Sudoku or crossword puzzles, set time apart for them to engage in these activities.

If they do not like such, caregivers must identify some of the hobbies that the person with dementia may like.

This can be anything from going to church for service, listening to music, playing an instrument, cooking, playing card games, reading a book, or other mentally engaging activities.

The internet is a great resource for cognitive games that individuals with dementia can try out to keep their brains active and healthy.

Quality Sleep

A good night’s sleep is another solution available for people seeking answers to how do you treat dementia naturally.

Researchers constantly remind people that there is a strong link between sleep and cognition.

Persons who have dementia may have problems with sleeping. Some may end up sleeping too much during the day and end up tossing and turning most of the night.

Lack of sleep can worsen a majority of dementia symptoms.

This is why caregivers and family members need to ensure that their loved ones who have dementia get enough rest and quality sleep each night.

An individual may have to go through cognitive behavioral therapy that can help improve insomnia symptoms and those of depression as well.

Sticking to a schedule can also help a person know when it is time to sleep.

If you cannot solve the problem at home, do not shy away from consulting a doctor who will offer a practical solution.

Closing Thoughts

Even though dementia may not have a cure yet, it does not mean that a person with the disease has to suffer immensely for the rest of their lives.

Above are some of the examples of natural treatment that individuals with dementia can try out to improve quality of life and relieve some negative symptoms that are brought by the disease.

Because there are several options, caregivers should make sure that they only explore the ones that are working with a particular individual.

Some persons may find some options too patronizing. Drop them immediately and try others until you identify the ones that bring out the best results.

Do Neurologists Treat Dementia?

Dr. Yasmin Aghajan Blog February 6, 2021October 16, 2021dementia, dementia treatment, neurologist, neurology

The common question that arises amongst the general public is whether or not do neurologists treat dementia.

While there are various specialists who can diagnose dementia, many patients are referred to a neurologist who determines the type of dementia, as well as treatment options.

What is dementia?

Dementia is a neurologic disease affecting cognition, involving the different aspects of cognitive function (memory, language, attention, social life, planning, and motor skills).

Dementia represents a decline that is severe enough to interfere with daily life and independence. When people think of dementia, Alzheimer’s comes to mind, and that’s because Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common type of dementia.

Alzheimer’s is responsible for about 60-80% of all dementias in older adults. With an aging population, the overall prevalence of dementia is increasing worldwide.

Dementia is a progressive disease, meaning it gets worse over time. In the early stages, it may be diagnosed at mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is an in-between stage between normal cognition and dementia.

MCI may progress to dementia.

What are different kinds of dementia?

The most common dementia in older adults is Alzheimer’s Disease. However, about 20% of patients with dementia have another form of dementia.

The main dementia syndromes include Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease dementia and variants, and vascular or stroke-related dementia.

Who can diagnose dementia and why a neurologist?

Dementia is a diagnosis made by a physician.

While it does not have to be a neurologist to diagnose dementia, many patients are referred to a neurologist to determine what type of dementia they have and to help with treatment options and symptom management.

A primary care physician can make a presumptive diagnosis of dementia if a patient fits certain criteria, and the symptoms are not explained by another mental disorder (such as major depressive disorder or another psychiatric condition).

A neurologist can help distinguish between the different types of dementia.

In some cases, advanced neuropsychiatric testing is done to better clarify the type of dementia.

How is dementia diagnosed?

A full dementia evaluation cannot be done in a quick office visit; a family member or a close friend should accompany the patient to their primary physician or neurologist and be able to recount the history over the past several weeks, months, and even years.

The first steps include a complete history and physical examination, neurologic examination, and laboratory or imaging workup.

The history, or story of the patient’s symptoms, is crucial to the diagnosis.

A doctor might ask when the patient first noticed memory loss, how it has progressed, and what sorts of things he or she is not able to do anymore independently (activities of daily living, or ADLs).

Certain details are key, such as loss of vision or strength, prominent personality changes, behavioral problems, hallucinations, sleep problems, and risk-taking behaviors.

There are several tests available to help with the diagnosis of dementia, which will be discussed further below.

A full evaluation includes a physical and neurologic exam, laboratory testing, and most times imaging tests such as a CT scan or an MRI of the brain.

By official definition, dementia is diagnosed when there is cognitive impairment in at least one cognitive domain (memory, language, attention, executive function, motor function, social function) that is progressive and interferes with independence in every-day activities, that is not explained by another medical or psychiatric disorder.

Why refer to a neurologist for dementia?

A neurologist will be helpful in diagnosing dementia, especially in distinguishing between different types of dementia as their treatments differ.

Also, a neurologist will perform a careful history and exam including labs and imaging to make sure there is nothing else being missed that would otherwise explain the symptoms of dementia.

In addition, a neurologist trained in cognitive neurology will have special expertise on managing the symptoms of dementia including the newest medications, clinical trials, and symptom management.

Often times, a neurologist will be able to give a prognosis and help guide family members through this chronic, progressive illness.

What does a neurologist examine for a dementia patient?

After taking a careful history of the symptoms, a neurologist will begin with a general physical examination.

Part of this includes the neurologic exam.

A neurologic exam contains six major components; mental status exam, cranial nerve exam, motor exam, sensory exam, reflexes, and cerebellar exam.

Abnormalities on the neurologic exam may give the neurologist clues as to what the diagnosis is.

The mental status exam will assess for orientation, attention, memory, visuospatial function, and language. Some common tools are the MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination).

These are a short series of tasks a neurologist may ask you to fill out, and based on how you score, can help in categorizing the types of deficits and hint as to the type of dementia.

What treatments might a neurologist prescribe for dementia?

There are a few medications that are approved for the treatment of Alzheimer Disease. These include cholinesterase inhibitors (such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine).

These medications work by modulating neurotransmitters in the brain and have some modest symptomatic benefit in patients with dementia.

Another category of medication includes Memantine, which is an NMDA-receptor antagonist. This works by blocking a different neurotransmitter (NMDA) which may protect the brain.

This also has been shown to have very modest benefits.

Neurologists may prescribe medications to help certain symptoms of dementia, such as behavioral disturbances, hallucinations, sleep problems, depression, agitation, and aggression.

These may include antidepressants, antipsychotics and various other medications.

Nutrition, physical therapy and cognitive rehab are also things a neurologist may consider in the multidisciplinary approach to dementia care.

What conditions can be mistaken for dementia?

There are certain conditions that can mimic dementia. It is essential to make sure these conditions are not responsible for the symptoms, as they are often reversible and treatable.

A good neurologist will rule out “reversible” causes and mimics of dementia.

There are certain “red flags” that should not be missed; these include young age, rapidly progressive dementia (ie someone getting much worse within days, weeks or a few months), or an abnormal or asymmetric neurologic exam such as weakness on one side of the body.

These will need an expedited and different type of evaluation than the standard dementia workup.

Many people confuse the signs of normal aging with dementia.

Normal aging does include a slight degree of cognitive decline including mild changes in memory and information processing. Some people visit their doctor for these symptoms, worried that they may have dementia.

Normal aging is quickly recognizable from dementia

However, normal aging is easily distinguishable from dementia.

It is generally not very progressive and does not affect daily function.

Examples include forgetting where one left the keys or some items on the shopping list at the grocery store.

There are other medical conditions that can mimic dementia. One is delirium.

Delirium is a condition of confusion and an altered sense of awareness of one’s surroundings.

Delirium is often associated with an underlying medical condition, such as an infection, metabolic issue, or prolonged hospitalization.

The time course of delirium (much shorter) and the fluctuations in attention are characteristic and distinguishable from dementia.

Vitamin deficiency, specifically of Vitamin B12 can contribute to dementia, so this should be checked and supplemented if low.

Thyroid tests, and sometimes HIV or syphilis testing is done to make sure symptoms are not due to these other treatable medical conditions.

Depression is an important mimic of dementia. In fact, depression causing dementia has been named “pseudodementia” or “dementia of depression.”

This is because people with uncontrolled depression may exhibit signs similar to dementia (physical and cognitive slowing, giving poor effort, being unable to function in activities of daily life).

It is crucial to recognize pseudodementia because it can be treated and reversed with appropriate psychiatric and psychological care.

Resources

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), American Psychiatric Association, Arlington 2013.

Knopman DS, DeKosky ST, Cummings JL, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2001; 56:1143.

Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Petersen RC. Essentials of the proper diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and major subtypes of dementia. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78:1290.

Reisberg B, Doody R, Stöffler A, et al. Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1333.

Petersen RC, Smith G, Kokmen E, et al. Memory function in normal aging. Neurology 1992; 42:396.

Geldmacher DS, Whitehouse PJ. Evaluation of dementia. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:330.

Brauner DJ, Muir JC, Sachs GA. Treating nondementia illnesses in patients with dementia. JAMA 2000; 283:3230.

Howard R, McShane R, Lindesay J, et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:893.

Can Dementia be Treated?

Petra Boh Blog, Prevention February 5, 2021October 16, 2021can dementia be treated, dementia, dementia treatment

For the longest time, there has been no positive answer for people who ask can dementia be treated.

This is something that has changed in the recent past where some experts claim that treatment for dementia is now possible.

One of them is Dr. Dale Bredesen the author of “The End of Alzheimer’s: The Frist Program, to Prevent and Reverse Cognitive Decline” developed the ReCODE (Reversal of COgnitive DEcline) program.

This is said to be a dementia treatment program.

But is it really?

Bredesen believes that he has the solution for anyone asking can dementia be reversed.

The doctor based his program on studying different dementia disease mechanisms. It is in alignment with the principles of functional and integrative medicine.

Dr. Dale states that the program is a full-spectrum functional medicine approach that addresses all the physiological imbalances and dysfunctions that people with dementia experience.

This focuses on bringing back the balance to the brain that dementia interferes with.

The core strategies for treating dementia according to this program are based on diet, lifestyle, supplements, herbs, and medications often in this order.

The approach that a person takes depends on the type of dementia they are battling.

Some people may benefit from correcting nocturnal oxygenation while others will get treatment through a low-glycemic diet.

A percentage of those with dementia can also try detoxification for treatment while others may require controlling inflammation or balancing hormones.

What is the best treatment for dementia?

Many studies, however, still state that the answer is still “NO” when you ask can dementia be treated. Instead of offering a cure for dementia, many experts offer solutions that can help to manage symptoms of the disease like:

Medications

Medics have identified several drugs that can be used to improve some dementia symptoms temporarily such as:

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

These are medicines that help to boost the levels of a chemical messenger that is involved in judgment and memory.

Memantine

These are drugs that are manufactured to help regulate glutamate activities. This is a chemical messenger that is responsible for a variety of brain functions like memory and learning.

A doctor may also prescribe other medications that treat other conditions or symptoms like hallucinations, agitation, sleep disturbances, and depression.

Note that some medicines may have severe side effects; thus, it is important not to self-medicate when you have dementia.

Consult a professional doctor who will assist in the identification of the most effective drugs. Medics also recommend routine vision and hearing checks.

Having problems with vision or hearing can escalate some of the dementia symptoms that an individual experiences.

Doctors can quickly identify whether the person needs hearing aids or new eyeglass prescriptions so that the individual with dementia is more comfortable.

Therapies

Medics can recommend various types of therapies when a person asks can dementia be reversed.

The non-drug approaches can be used to take care of various behavioral problems or symptoms that persons with dementia may have. These include:

Occupational Therapy

This helps persons with dementia maintain the ability to conduct meaningful activities for the longest possible time.

Do not forget to check all the amazing benefits of occupational therapy, too.

Cognitive stimulation therapies

These are designed to help with language abilities, memory, and problem-solving skills to keep the mind active.

Reminiscence Work

These are done to enhance wellbeing and mood. We put together an in-depth overview of the reminiscence therapy for people with dementia.

Reality Orientation

This is where experts work with persons with dementia to help them remember basic things like the time, date, and names.

Talking Therapies

A person with dementia can go through counseling to help them come to terms with what they are going through or discuss what they feel.

Lifestyle Changes

Experts also recommend lifestyle changes for persons seeking answers to can dementia be treated.

These include things like staying active, sleeping well, eating foods that help with their current situation, staying organized, and brain workouts amongst others.

Closing Remarks

Research is still ongoing to conclusively answer the question can dementia be treated?

This is because some experts strongly claim that dementia can be cured or reversed while others say that there is still no cure.

Hopefully, soon, all dementia experts will speak in the same voice.

In short, if it is not already in the later stages, it can be alleviated. Meaning, identifying it early enough is crucial for the more comfortable living of the patient.

Lewy Body Dementia Treatment: Medications, Therapies and Care

Trevor Howitt Blog, Prevention, Types February 2, 2021August 20, 2026dementia treatment, lewy body, lewy body dementia, lewy body dementia treatment

Lewy body dementia treatment and symptom management

After a diagnosis, one of the first questions people and families often ask is what Lewy body dementia treatment is available.

There is currently no cure for Lewy body dementia (LBD), and no treatment has been proven to stop or reverse the disease. However, several medications, therapies and practical approaches can help manage particular symptoms and support quality of life.

Because LBD can affect thinking, movement, sleep, mood, behavior and automatic body functions, treatment usually needs to be individualized. A medication that helps one symptom can sometimes make another symptom worse.

For this reason, people with LBD should ideally work with a healthcare professional who understands the condition and its unusual medication sensitivities.

Lewy Body Dementia Treatment: What Are the Main Options?

A comprehensive treatment plan may include medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, counseling, exercise, changes to the home and support for family caregivers.

Treatment depends on which Lewy body dementia symptoms are causing the greatest difficulty.

The National Institute on Aging explains that LBD treatment generally focuses on managing symptoms rather than treating the underlying disease itself.

Medications Used in Lewy Body Dementia Treatment

Medication needs to be selected carefully in LBD because people with the condition can be particularly sensitive to certain drugs.

Never start, stop or change prescription medication without discussing it with the person’s healthcare professional.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Cognitive Symptoms

Cholinesterase inhibitors are medications originally developed to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.

Examples include donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine.

These medications act on acetylcholine, a brain chemical involved in memory and thinking. In people with LBD, they may help with cognitive symptoms and can sometimes also reduce hallucinations or other behavioral symptoms.

In the United States, the FDA has approved rivastigmine for cognitive symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease dementia. Other cholinesterase inhibitors may be used by clinicians for LBD depending on the person’s circumstances.

Possible side effects can include nausea, diarrhea and dizziness.

Treatment response varies, so the person’s doctor will consider whether the benefits outweigh any side effects.

Memantine

Memantine is another medication originally developed for Alzheimer’s disease.

Some healthcare professionals may consider memantine for people with Lewy body dementia, particularly when cognitive impairment has become more significant.

However, research results in LBD have been mixed, and memantine is not FDA-approved specifically for Lewy body dementia.

The decision to use it should therefore be individualized and discussed with a doctor experienced in dementia care.

Levodopa for Movement Problems

People with LBD may develop Parkinson’s-like movement symptoms such as stiffness, slow movement, difficulty walking and trouble getting out of a chair or bed.

Levodopa, commonly used for Parkinson’s disease, may improve some of these symptoms.

This can be particularly relevant for people with Parkinson’s disease dementia.

However, levodopa can sometimes worsen hallucinations, confusion or other psychiatric symptoms in people with LBD.

For this reason, doctors may avoid treating very mild movement symptoms with medication. If levodopa is considered appropriate, treatment is generally introduced cautiously and monitored closely.

Treatment for Depression and Anxiety

Depression and anxiety are relatively common in people with LBD.

A doctor may consider antidepressant medication if these symptoms significantly affect the person’s quality of life.

The National Institute on Aging notes that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may work well for some people with LBD.

You can read more about depression and dementia on ReaDementia.

Counseling and psychological support may also be valuable, particularly after a new diagnosis or when the person and family are adapting to changes in independence.

Treatment for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Sleep disorders are an important part of LBD care.

One characteristic problem is REM sleep behavior disorder, in which a person may physically act out dreams by talking, kicking, punching or moving while asleep.

A doctor may recommend melatonin or, in some circumstances, low-dose clonazepam.

Clonazepam can cause problems such as dizziness, unsteadiness and worsening thinking, so it needs careful medical supervision.

A sleep specialist may also investigate other problems such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome or excessive daytime sleepiness.

Good daytime activity and reducing long or frequent daytime naps may also help some people sleep better at night.

Read more about dementia and sleep problems.

Hallucinations and Antipsychotics: An Important LBD Warning

Hallucinations are common in Lewy body dementia.

If hallucinations are not frightening or dangerous, medication may not always be necessary.

Sometimes reassurance, reducing stress, changing the environment or redirecting the person’s attention can be enough.

Cholinesterase inhibitors may also reduce hallucinations in some people.

However, treatment becomes more complicated when hallucinations, delusions or agitation create significant distress or safety concerns.

People with Lewy body dementia can have severe reactions to antipsychotic medications.

These reactions may include dramatically increased confusion, severe sleepiness, worsening Parkinson’s-like symptoms, low blood pressure and fainting.

Traditional antipsychotics such as haloperidol should generally be avoided in people with LBD because they can cause dangerous reactions.

Other antipsychotics, including olanzapine and risperidone, may also cause significant problems and are generally avoided where possible.

In situations where an antipsychotic is considered necessary, specialists may sometimes use medications such as quetiapine or clozapine. These decisions require careful medical supervision, with the lowest effective dose used for as short a time as practical.

A rare but potentially life-threatening reaction called neuroleptic malignant syndrome can also occur. Symptoms can include high fever and severe muscle rigidity.

If these symptoms develop after starting an antipsychotic medication, seek urgent medical attention.

Treating Blood Pressure, Constipation and Other Autonomic Symptoms

Lewy body dementia can affect the autonomic nervous system, which controls body functions that normally happen automatically.

These problems may include low blood pressure when standing, fainting, constipation, urinary problems and difficulty regulating body temperature.

Low blood pressure when standing is called orthostatic hypotension.

Simple approaches such as getting up slowly, elevating the legs or using compression stockings may help some people.

Increasing fluids or salt may sometimes be recommended, but this should only be done when a healthcare professional considers it appropriate because other health conditions can make increased fluid or salt intake unsuitable.

Constipation may respond to exercise, dietary changes or medications recommended by a doctor.

Bladder medications also need particular care because some can worsen confusion or cognitive symptoms in LBD.

Non-Drug Lewy Body Dementia Treatment Options

Medication is only one part of managing LBD.

The Lewy Body Dementia Association recommends a comprehensive approach that may involve several types of healthcare professionals.

Physical Therapy and Exercise

Physical therapists can help people with movement, balance, strength and walking.

Programs may include flexibility exercises, strengthening, cardiovascular activity and gait training.

Regular physical activity may also support general health, mobility and independence.

The appropriate type and intensity of exercise will depend on the person’s health and abilities.

Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapists focus on helping people continue everyday activities as safely and independently as possible.

They may help with dressing, bathing, eating, using household equipment and adapting routines.

You can learn more in our guide to occupational therapy and dementia.

An occupational therapist can also assess the home and suggest practical changes that reduce fall risk or make daily activities easier.

Speech and Language Therapy

Speech-language pathologists can help when LBD affects speech volume, communication or swallowing.

Swallowing assessment becomes particularly important if a person coughs, chokes, holds food in their mouth or repeatedly develops chest infections.

The therapist may recommend strategies to make eating and drinking safer.

Psychological Support and Counseling

Mental health professionals can help people with LBD and family members adjust to the emotional effects of the diagnosis.

Counseling may help with anxiety, depression, frustration, changing relationships and future planning.

Cognitive stimulation and other structured activities may also provide opportunities for mental and social engagement.

Music and Expressive Activities

Music and other expressive activities may provide enjoyment, social interaction and relaxation.

The National Institute on Aging notes that music or expressive arts therapists may provide meaningful activities that can reduce anxiety and improve well-being.

Activities should be chosen according to the person’s interests rather than treated as a cure or replacement for medical care.

You may also be interested in our articles about music therapy and dance therapy.

What About Vitamins and Supplements?

Vitamins and supplements are sometimes promoted as natural treatments for dementia.

However, the National Institute on Aging states that vitamins and supplements have not been extensively studied as treatments for LBD symptoms and are not recommended as Lewy body dementia treatment.

Supplements can also interact with prescription medicines.

A vitamin may still be appropriate if testing shows that a person has a specific deficiency, but that is different from using supplements to treat LBD itself.

Tell the person’s doctor about all supplements, vitamins and over-the-counter medicines they take.

Home Modifications and Safety

Although home changes do not treat the underlying disease, they can make daily life considerably safer and easier.

A dementia-friendly home may include:

removing loose rugs and other trip hazards
reducing unnecessary clutter
providing good lighting
using handrails and grab bars where appropriate
arranging furniture to create clear walking paths
using simple and familiar layouts
reducing excessive noise or stimulation

These changes can be particularly important because people with LBD may experience balance problems, visual perception difficulties and fluctuations in attention.

Routines, Activities and Social Support

Simple, predictable routines can reduce unnecessary confusion and stress.

Regular times for waking, meals, activities and sleep may be helpful.

Meaningful activities can also provide enjoyment and maintain social contact.

The activity should suit the person’s abilities. A complicated task that creates frustration is unlikely to be helpful simply because it is mentally stimulating.

Support groups can be valuable for both people with LBD and caregivers.

Talking with other families who understand the condition can provide practical ideas as well as emotional support.

As the disease progresses through the Lewy body dementia stages, caregivers may also need increasing practical assistance and respite care.

Palliative Care for Lewy Body Dementia

Palliative care is not limited to the final days of life.

It focuses on symptom relief, comfort, quality of life, coordinated care and making sure treatment reflects the person’s goals and values.

According to the National Institute on Aging, palliative care can begin relatively early in LBD and continue alongside other treatments.

It can also help families with advance care planning and decisions about future support.

Building a Lewy Body Dementia Care Team

LBD often affects several different body systems, so care frequently involves more than one healthcare professional.

A care team may include:

a primary care physician
a neurologist or movement disorder specialist
a physical therapist
an occupational therapist
a speech-language pathologist
a mental health professional
a pharmacist
palliative care professionals when appropriate

If possible, include a doctor with experience treating Lewy body dementia because medication sensitivities and symptom fluctuations can make treatment more complicated than with some other dementias.

You can read more about finding an appropriate doctor for dementia.

When Should Treatment Be Reviewed?

LBD symptoms and medication responses can change over time.

Contact the healthcare team when there is a significant change, particularly after starting or changing medication.

Medical review is especially important with:

sudden or severe confusion
dramatically worsening hallucinations or delusions
repeated falls or fainting
new difficulty walking
difficulty swallowing or repeated choking
extreme sleepiness
new severe stiffness
fever or signs of infection
significant changes after taking a new medicine

Sudden changes should not automatically be assumed to represent progression of dementia. Infection, pain, constipation, medication side effects and other medical conditions can also cause rapid deterioration.

Final Thoughts

There is currently no single Lewy body dementia treatment that can cure the disease or stop its progression.

Instead, treatment focuses on managing individual symptoms while protecting the person’s independence, safety and quality of life.

Cholinesterase inhibitors may help some cognitive and behavioral symptoms, levodopa may help movement problems, and other medications may be considered for sleep, depression or anxiety.

At the same time, medication must be used particularly carefully in LBD because some drugs, especially certain antipsychotics, can cause serious reactions.

Physical, occupational and speech therapy, appropriate exercise, psychological support, safer surroundings and caregiver support can all form important parts of a comprehensive care plan.

Treatment should be reviewed as the person’s symptoms change, and decisions should be made with a healthcare professional familiar with Lewy body dementia.

References and Further Reading

National Institute on Aging. How Is Lewy Body Dementia Treated and Managed?

Lewy Body Dementia Association. Treatment Options for LBD.

NHS. Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Treatment.